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151.
152.
Cécile Dang X. de Montaudouin N. Savoye N. Caill-Milly P. Martinez P. G. Sauriau 《Marine Biology》2009,156(4):611-618
In this article, we show how a disease could bias stable isotope analyzes of trophic networks and propose a strategy in the
choice of tissues to be analyzed. In the past few years, a new pathology (brown muscle disease or BMD) affecting the posterior
adductor muscle of Ruditapes philippinarum has emerged in Arcachon Bay. BMD induces a necrosis of muscle tissues which become infused by conchiolin and hence calcified.
As muscle of mollusks are often used for trophic food webs studies through stable isotopic analyzes, this work investigated
the effect of BMD on carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of anterior and posterior adductor muscles of clams collected in
February and August 2007. Infected clams displayed a lower condition index and a posterior adductor muscle δ13C enrichment of 1.2‰ in February and 0.7‰ in August. δ15N of posterior muscles was however not affected by the disease. Anterior muscle of diseased clams remained healthy and displayed
the same isotopic signature as both posterior and anterior muscular tissues of healthy clam. Acidification significantly depleted
δ13C in posterior muscles of infected clams, suggesting calcification, contrary to anterior muscles of infected clam and to both
muscles of healthy clams, where no effect was observed. An X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the presence of CaCO3 (aragonite). Trophic food web studies relying on stable isotope ratios should utilize only healthy animals or anterior adductor
muscles when expertise in mollusk pathology is lacking. 相似文献
153.
高效降解菌的筛选对利用生物修复技术有效去除环境中的多环芳烃具有重要意义。分别以石油污染土壤和焦化废水活性污泥为菌源,分离出芘降解菌和混合PAHs(菲、荧蒽和芘)降解菌共14株并对其降解性能进行对比研究。结果表明,筛选得到的菌株分别属于9个菌属,其中2种菌源共有的菌属为Mycobacterium sp.、Ralstonia sp.和Shinella sp.。芘和PAHs的高效降解菌(CP16和CM32)均属于分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium),来源于焦化废水活性污泥;菌株CP16对芘(50mg/L)的7 d降解率为74.99%,CM32对PAHs(菲50 mg/L、荧蒽和芘各10 mg/L)的7 d降解率为100%。因此,以焦化废水活性污泥为菌源更有利于获得高效的多环芳烃降解菌。 相似文献
154.
红霉素对菲降解菌GY2B的毒性及抗生素后效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解抗生素对环境污染物高效降解菌的生态效应,通过红霉素对菲高效降解菌GY2B的毒性实验以及抗生素后效应(PAE)的测定,研究了菌体细胞在红霉素作用下的生理、毒理指标以及后效应期间菌体的变化。结果表明,GY2B对红霉素的最高耐受(99.9%死亡率)浓度为25μg/mL,长期接触低于25μg/mL的红霉素可降低GY2B对药物敏感性,使其产生耐药性;当红霉素浓度高于最低抑菌浓度(0.25μg/mL)时,能显著降低菌体细胞的总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,引起活性氧对菌体的损伤,亦能显著降低乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,但对菌体细胞有氧呼吸水平的影响会随着时间逐渐减弱;GY2B在短暂接触红霉素后2~3 h即可复苏生长(菌密度增加10倍),但红霉素能对GY2B产生明显的后效应,诱发细胞SOS修复机制和自溶现象,使得DNA含量发生显著变化。因此,环境中抗生素对污染物降解微生物的生态效应值得关注。 相似文献
155.
改性花生壳对Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以前期制得改性块状花生壳为对象,测定改性花生壳等电点,考察离子强度对改性花生壳吸附Cd2+和Pb2+的影响、吸附前后吸附质溶液pH变化情况及蒸馏水、NaCl、HNO3、柠檬酸和EDTA 5种解吸液对Cd2+和Pb2+的解吸效果,并通过X-射线光电子能谱仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对吸附前后的改性花生壳进行表征,推测并证实了改性花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+可能的吸附机理。结果表明,改性花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+可能的吸附机理是:Cd2+是通过外层络合、离子交换和内层络合的联合作用被吸附的;Pb2+主要是与改性花生壳上的O、N等活性基团发生内层络合;此外,改性花生壳表面生成的二氧化锰对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附也起到一定的作用。 相似文献
156.
Mai Trong Nhuan Le Thi Thu Hien Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha Nguyen Thi Hong Hue Tran Dang Quy 《Sustainability Science》2014,9(3):399-409
A natural factors-based approach was developed to examine proactive responses to hazards and improving sustainability on the Chan May-Lang Co Gulf area, Central Vietnam. The approach was based on a weight-of-evidence method within an integrated and quantitative vulnerability assessment in which the spatial relationship between a set of evidential factors (lithology, distance to the coastline, altitude, slope, aspect, drainage, wind speed during storms, and land use and cover) and a set of hazard locations was combined with the prior probability (total vulnerability) to obtain the posterior probability of hazard occurrence. The result showed that 44.3 % of the study area had high to very high total vulnerability, due to the high density of vulnerable objects and frequency of severe damage from typhoons, floods, landslides, and erosion. The result also demonstrated that the contribution of natural factors was directly proportional to total vulnerability in approximately 75 % of the study area, indicating a high dependence of vulnerability on natural factors. In the remaining areas, low contributions were found in the high and very high vulnerability areas dominated by high anthropogenic activities. In contrast, natural factors were important contributors to total vulnerability in areas characterized by dense vegetation, consolidated rocks, and altitude greater than 300 m, reflecting high natural resilience. The present study demonstrated that a proactive approach may provide appropriate measures to mitigate hazards and to increase the sustainability of the study area. 相似文献
157.
外置管式MBR处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液中的膜污染 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用外置管式膜生物反应器进一步处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液生化出水,研究水洗和化学洗后污染膜的清洗效果。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱对膜表面污染物进行分析;采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术分析了膜表面泥饼层中细菌群落结构。实验结果表明,采用低压力(0.03 MPa)、高流速(2.84 m/s)的清水洗能使膜通量恢复到45%;化学清洗采用p H=2的盐酸酸洗较好。两者清洗方法结合能使膜通量恢复至初始通量的88%。膜表面污染物主要由无机垢体和蛋白质多糖类物质构成,膜表面泥饼层中的细菌主要含有芽孢杆菌、腐螺旋菌、红杆菌等。 相似文献
158.
159.
The Daphnia 21 d reproduction test is considered as a comprehensive and decisive test in the OECD Conceptual Framework for testing and assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, how to interpret results of the Daphnia 21 d reproduction test for identification, risk assessment and testing strategy of EDCs remains an unsolved issue. This study analysed a total number of 135 published studies encompassing 86 known EDCs and non-EDCs with different modes of action. Our results show that the majority of effects on apical endpoints (survival, molting, growth, time to reproductive maturity, brood size, the number of broods, and the total number of offspring) do not seem to be EDC-specific. In contrast, the endpoint sex ratio is likely specific to juvenile hormones and their mimics. Variability is quantified for three most reported endpoints survival, the total number of offspring and sex ratio. Quantification of the endpoint sensitivity shows that the sensitivity of the sex ratio is lower than that of the total number of offspring. The Daphnia 21 d reproduction test gives insufficient information to conclude if a substance is an EDC or not. EDCs that are potent in assays in vitro may not be potent in the Daphnia 21 d reproduction test. We conclude that the Daphnia 21 d reproduction test is important for deriving No Observed Effect Concentrations for risk assessment but may produce false negatives in identification of EDCs when used on its own. A targeted testing strategy for selection of species, tests, and endpoints is suggested for identifying EDCs. 相似文献
160.