Consumers’ willingness to pay an environmental fee for e-waste recycling in Vietnam: integrating the theory of planned behaviour and the norm activation model

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - E-waste is becoming a concern due to its toxic content and serious pollution effect. Many studies have focused on the detrimental impacts of...     

电除尘器电场特性实验研究与数值分析

数值分析是研究电除尘器电场特性的重要手段,有助于电除尘器电极配置的设计选型以及提高其供电控制水平。本文在实验的基础上,建立和求解电晕电场的数学模型,采用有限元有限差分法对RS线的电晕电场进行计算,计算结果与实验测试结果基本吻合。     

含油污泥无害化处理技术研究

在综合考虑经济因素和抗压强度要求的基础上,对长庆油田采油三厂的含油污泥进行了无害化固化处理。试验选取了固化剂最优配方:污泥、固化剂、促凝剂之比为4:1:0.01。强度性能检测表明,一般在1d内达到一定的强度,3 d后硬度提高,10 d后达到最大硬度。固化物污染指标测试还表明:其可溶出性盐量明显减少,矿化度下降了46%,含油量从未固化时的40000 mg/L下降为0.4 mg/L,硫化物含量仅为0.4 mg/L,均达到了外排的标准。     

地理信息系统支持下的中国耕地面积空间变化研究

本文以１９８５年与１９９４年我国各县粮食生产统计数据为依据,运用地理信息（ＧＩＳ）为分析手段;从空间变化特征、变化成因及变化趋势三个方面,着重对１９８４年以来我国耕地面积的空间变化进行了定量研究。     

基本过程控制系统(BPCS)作为独立保护层的探讨

对于特定场景，识别现有的防护措施是否满足独立保护层（IPL）的要求是保护层分析技术的核心内容。基本过程控制系统（BPCS）作为一种基本保护措施，在一定的条件下可以作为一种IPL。探讨BPCS作为IPL必须满足的条件，分析同一BPCS多重功能回路作为IPL的方法、各种影响因素、限制条件、所需的专业知识和信息及注意事项。在实际运用中，必须谨慎识别同一BPCS多重功能回路作为同一场景下的多个IPL。     

Human exposure to methylmercury from crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in China

Methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in aquatic food raises global concerns about human exposure to MeHg. Crayfish is the world’s third largest farmed crustacean species and a favorite aquatic food in many countries. However, human health hazard due to MeHg exposure via crayfish consumption is unclear, partly because appropriate survey data are lacking. We report on mercury concentrations and speciation in edible tail muscle of crayfish collected from restaurants in 23 Chinese cities. On average, MeHg constituted 99.1 % of mercury in tail muscle, and MeHg concentrations were comparable with those reported for fish in China. Variation in MeHg concentrations was not attributable to broad geographic region (i.e., provinces) or tail length. For different populations, potential health risk (characterized by hazard quotient or HQ) of MeHg exposure through crayfish consumption depended largely on crayfish consumption rates. In particular, a health hazard (HQ > 1) was found for high-rate consumers (i.e., 95 %ile or higher) in some cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR), during the peak consumption season. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to dietary MeHg intake via crayfish consumption in China, particularly for communities with high consumption in MLYR.

     

抗菌消费品中纳米银含量调查及银的健康风险评价

纳米银(Ag NP)因具有良好的抗菌特性被广泛应用于日常消费品中,人体主要通过皮肤接触或口服等方式暴露于Ag NP。为了评价这些抗菌消费品中银对成人的非致癌暴露风险,对市面10种日常抗菌消费品中Ag NP和总银含量进行了调查,并采用美国环保局推荐的皮肤和口部暴露途径的健康风险评估模型来评价含银抗菌消费品引起的皮肤及口部非致癌暴露风险。调查结果表明:4种液态抗菌消费品中检测出Ag NP,含量为0.79~57.89 mg·L~(-1),占其总银含量的8.8%~99.1%。其他厂家标注含有Ag NP的抗菌消费品中则未检测出Ag NP。风险评价结果显示,大多数抗菌消费品的银风险熵为3.6×10-4~6.8×10-1,其中经皮肤暴露的银非致癌风险熵为1.0×10-3~6.8×10-1,经口暴露的银风险熵为3.6×10-4~6.0×10-3,对人体健康不会产生显著风险;然而,其中1种抗菌消费品中银的风险熵上限为0.86,接近于1,存在潜在的非致癌风险。     

Salivary cortisol and cortisone levels,and breast milk dioxin concentrations in Vietnamese primiparas

There is a great deal of concern regarding the adverse effects of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) present in Agent Orange and other herbicides on Vietnam's population and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dioxin exposure on adrenal steroids in saliva, and dioxin levels in breast milk, of primiparas in an Agent Orange/dioxin hot-spot and a non-exposed area in Vietnam on the basis of epidemiological research. The subjects were 35 lactating women who had recently given birth to their first or second child. A further sub-study involved eight primiparas from each area. All subjects were aged between 20 and 30 years with infants aged between 4 and 16 weeks. The mean concentration of PCDD, PCDF, and PCDD?+?PCDF toxic equivalents (TEQ) in breast milk in the hot-spot area was significantly higher than in the non-exposed area. Cortisol and cortisone levels in the saliva of primiparas in the hot-spot area were also significantly higher than those in the non-exposed area. There was a significant negative correlation between cortisol and the cortisol/cortisone ratio and PCDD?+?PCDF and PCDF TEQ levels in the hot-spot area. Furthermore, the correlation between cortisol and cortisone and the PCDD + PCDF, PCDD, and PCDF TEQ in the combination of hot spot + non-exposed area was significant according to the curve (bell style). Our results suggest that Agent Orange/dioxin exposure still exerts a major influence on the salivary hormones of the Vietnamese population.     

Dioxin levels in the breast milk and estradiol and androgen levels in the saliva of Vietnamese primiparae

Human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF), especially 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), was investigated in Vietnam since initial severe adverse health effects were reported in the late 1970s. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dioxin exposure on steroid hormones of primiparae in an Agent Orange/dioxin hot-spot and a non-exposed area in Vietnam. Sixteen primiparae (8 at each site), all of whom were aged between 20 and 30 years with infants aged between 4 and 16 weeks, agreed to participate in this study. The mean dioxin levels in breast milk of primiparae from the hot-spot area, in terms of PCDD, PCDF, and PCDD?+?PCDF toxic equivalents (TEQ), were significantly higher than those for the non-exposed area. PCDD TEQ, PCDF TEQ, and PCDD?+?PCDF TEQ levels showed a significant correlation with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A-dione), and estradiol (E2) in the saliva of primiparae in a combination of hot-spot and non-exposed areas in Vietnam. The dose–response curve between salivary E2 or A-dione levels and dioxin levels was U-shaped in humans. This study provides an overview of studies regarding dioxin hot-spots and effects on human health and steroid hormone levels in particular, with a focus on the toxicity attributed to dioxins and furans. Furthermore, causal evidence regarding the effects of dioxins on endocrine disruption in humans is provided.     

工艺安全信息要素的探讨

工艺系统的危险性通常来自于所涉及的化学品和工艺过程（工艺技术和工艺设备）所带来的危害。工艺安全信息是开展工艺危害分析的依据,也是落实工艺安全管理系统其它要素的基础。近几年来,我国化工和石化行业发生多起重大工艺安全事故,这些重大工艺安全事故的发生是由多个工艺安全管理要素的缺失所造成的结果。此外,上艺安全信息没能得到有效掌控和合理应用,不能及时准确地为科学决策指导安全生产提供支持,也是导致这些事故发生的重要因素。