浙江拔茅银矿地质特征及成因

拔茅银矿是浙东中生代火山岩带中近几年新发出的金银矿田,矿床发育于破火山口机构内,矿体主要受NW及近SN向张性硅化破碎带控制。矿床的各种特征表明,其成因属浅成低温热液型。     

加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

Differences in nitrous oxide fluxes from red soil under different land uses in mid-subtropical China

Red soil may play an important role in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions due to its recent land use change pattern. To predict the land use change effect on N₂O emissions, we examined the relationship between soil N₂O flux and environmental determinants in four different types of land uses in subtropical red soil. During two years of study (January 2005-January 2007), biweekly N₂O fluxes were measured from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m. using static closed chamber method. Objectives were to estimate the seasonal and annual N₂O flux differences from land use change and, reveal the controlling factors of soil N₂O emission by studying the relationship of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature with soil N₂O flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly higher in hot-humid season than in the cool-dry season. Significant differences in soil N₂O fluxes were observed among four land uses; 2.9, 1.9 and 1.7 times increased N₂O emissions were observed after conventional land use conversion from woodland to paddy, orchard and upland, respectively. The mean annual budgets of N₂O emission were 0.71-2.21 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from four land use types. The differences were partly attributed to increased fertilizer use in agriculture land uses. In all land uses, N₂O fluxes were positively related to soil temperature and DOC accounting for 22-48% and 30-46% of the seasonal N₂O flux variability, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes did significantly correlate with WFPS in orchard and upland only. Nitrous oxide fluxes responded positively to MBC in all land use types except orchard which had the lowest WFPS. We conclude that (1) land use conversion from woodland to agriculture land uses leads to increased soil N₂O fluxes, partly due increased fertilizer use, and (2) irrespective of land use, soil N₂O fluxes are under environmental controls, the main variables being soil temperature and DOC, both of which control the supply of nitrification and denitrification substrates.     

能源消费结构与大气环境质量的关系——以成都市某区为例

以成都市某区为例,通过研究区的能源消费结构与大气环境质量的调查研究,分析了近五年的能源消费结构变化以及环境空气质量变化趋势,以探索中国城镇能源消费结构与大气环境质量的关系,为节能减排、能源利用方式的改变以及城市规划发展提供依据。分析结果表明该区从2006年开始空气质量有所好转,这种变化与主要能耗结构变化明显相关,说明合理利用资源,推广清洁能源和调整产业结构是发展能源、经济和保护大气环境的有效途径。     

香烟烟雾水溶物对小鼠卵母细胞体外减数分裂的影响

采用小鼠卵母细胞体外培养的方法研究了香烟烟雾水溶物对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂的影响,以检查吸烟对生殖过程的影响。香烟烟雾水溶物可抑制卵母细胞排出第一极体,而不影响生发泡破裂。香烟烟雾水溶物抑制极体排出是由于破坏了细胞内的微丝或微管,使有丝分裂器不能向细胞边缘移动,并抑制了胞质分裂,形成两倍体的卵子。结果表明,吸烟对卵母细胞的减数分裂成熟有破坏作用。     

街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散规律的风洞试验研究

在风洞中1/250街道峡谷模型的底板内释放示踪气体, 通过对浓度分布特征的观测, 分析了街道峡谷地面源污染物的扩散过程及其与街道建筑物结构、风向及排放源强度等因素之间的关系, 探讨了中性边界层风洞模拟微尺度湍流扩散过程的相似准则与相似参数, 为建立街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散模型提供了物理基础。     

高邮市基本农田环境质量监测与评价

根据近两年高邮市试点工作经验，介绍基本农田分等定级的环境监测与评价方法，认为积极开展农田环境监测并进行科学评价是基本农田保护的重要工作内容。     

石化企业苯类物质非密闭操作过程的职业暴露分析

采用职业卫生学调查和职业暴露风险评估方法,对选定的苯类物质非密闭操作过程较集中的芳烃装置进行职业暴露分析和评估,为石化企业苯类物质的健康风险控制提供依据。     

碱性过硫酸钾氧化-钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中的总磷及其不确定度的评定

经过消解前加入氢氧化钠和改用聚四氟乙烯消化管等方面的改进,碱性过硫酸钾氧化-钼酸铵分光度法的实际操作更简便,更适用于各类水样的监测。它具有较低的捡出限（O．004mg／L）,较高的精密度（RSD=1．1％）和较好的准确度（测定标样溶液相对误差1．6％,加标回收率为97．2％-102．1％）。测定IERM测量审核样的结果也较好（取得了合格证书）。不确定度的评定依照相关标准的原则进行,并使用残差来量化曲线不碹定度分量,减少了工作量。经评定,改进方法的扩展不确定度为3．2％。