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31.
32.
Viney P. Aneja Candis S. Claiborn Zheng Li Anuradha Murthy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):217-220
Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of the biodegradation of three aromatic volatile compounds in a compost-based biofilter: toluene, xylene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene, used in the course of this work for the first time in the field of biofiltration. Hence, three identical biofiltration units have been operated at the laboratory scale. During the experiments, nitrogen (as urea) was supplied at various concentrations to each reactor, via irrigated nutrient solutions. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the biodegradability scale followed the degree of substitution around the aromatic ring: toluene > xylene > trimethylbenzene, with 95, 80, and 70% maximum conversions, respectively. In addition, and despite the different removal levels achieved in the three biore-actors, it was established that from a reaction viewpoint, the degradation of the three compounds seemed to follow similar metabolic pathways involving methylcatechol isomers. Finally, by varying the nitrogen input concentrations in the three reactors, three degradation regimes have been highlighted: an N-limitation regime and an N-optimum regime, common to the three solvents, and an N-excess regime, favorable to the colonization of the filter beds by nitrifying species, which particularly affected the xylene and trimethylbenzene biodegradation. 相似文献
33.
成都市率先在中西部地区实现中心城区、县城、乡镇污水处理设施的满覆盖,针对乡镇污水处理设施建设的不同阶段,成都市针对性的制定了一系列工作措施,并提供了有效的保障措施,本文探讨了成都市乡镇污水处理设施建设管理的工作模式,并针对其中的不足提出了对策建议。 相似文献
34.
考察了微波-活性炭联合处理技术对模拟染料废水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2+的去除效果。对于100 mL浓度为1 000 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液、活性炭用量为10 g时,新活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.99%;采用700 W微波对吸附亚甲基蓝的活性炭辐射10 min进行再生并回用,经微波辐射再生10次后活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.68%,未经微波作用反复使用10次的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为85.41%。结果表明:微波处理有效地减缓了活性炭吸附能力的下降速率,实现了活性炭再生和反复使用。在吸附过程中,Cd2+使活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力略有下降,而共存的亚甲基蓝则促进了活性炭对Cd2+的吸附,对新炭和再生后活性炭物理化学特性的表征证明了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附为物理吸附,对Cd2+的吸附为化学吸附。 相似文献
35.
Several classes of oxidative enzymes have shown promise for efficient removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are resistant to conventional wastewater treatments. Although the kinetics of reactions between individual EDCs and selected oxidative enzymes are well documented in the literature, there has been little investigation of reactions with EDC mixtures. This makes it impossible to predict how enzyme-mediated treatment systems will perform since wastewater effluents generally contain multiple EDCs. This paper reports pseudo-first order rate constants for a model oxidative enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), during single-substrate (k1) and mixed-substrate (k1-MIX) reactions. Measured values are compared with literature values of three Michaelis-Menten parameters: half-saturation constant (KM), enzyme turnover number (kCAT), and the ratio kCAT/KM. Published reports had suggested that each of these could be correlated with HRP reactivity towards EDCs in mixtures, and empirical results from this study show that KM can be used to predict the sequence of EDC removal reactions within a particular mixture. We also observed that k1-MIX values were generally greater than k1 values and that compounds exhibiting greatest estrogenic toxicities reacted most rapidly in a given mixture. Finally, because KM may be tedious to measure for every EDC of interest, we have constructed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict these values. This model predicts KM quite accurately (R2 = 89%) based on two molecular characteristics: molecular volume and hydration energy. Its accuracy makes this QSAR a useful tool for predicting which EDCs will be removed most efficiently during enzyme treatment of EDC mixtures. 相似文献
36.
Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Modern dairies cause the accumulation of considerable quantity of dairy manure which is a potential hazard to the environment. Dairy manure can also act as a principal larval resource for many insects such as the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered as a new biotechnology to convert dairy manure into biodiesel and sugar. BSFL are a common colonizer of large variety of decomposing organic material in temperate and tropical areas. Adults do not need to be fed, except to take water, and acquired enough nutrition during larval development for reproduction. Dairy manure treated by BSFL is an economical way in animal facilities. Grease could be extracted from BSFL by petroleum ether, and then be treated with a two-step method to produce biodiesel. The digested dairy manure was hydrolyzed into sugar. In this study, approximately 1248.6 g fresh dairy manure was converted into 273.4 g dry residue by 1200 BSFL in 21 days. Approximately 15.8 g of biodiesel was gained from 70.8 g dry BSFL, and 96.2 g sugar was obtained from the digested dairy manure. The residual dry BSFL after grease extraction can be used as protein feedstuff. 相似文献
37.
XM Zheng HL Liu W Shi S Wei JP Giesy HX Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2498-2505
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products and frequently detected in many environmental media. Potential reproductive effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) have been reported in mice, rats and water birds. PFOS and PFOA were also confirmed developing toxicants towards zebrafish embryos; however, the reported effect concentrations were contradictory. Polyfluorinated alkylated phosphate ester surfactants (including FC807) are precursor of PFOS and PFOA; however, there is no published information about the effects of FC807 and PFNA on zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of these four PFCs on zebrafish embryos. Normal fertilized zebrafish embryos were selected to be exposed to several concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFOS or FC807 in 24-well cell culture plates. A digital camera was used to image morphological anomalies of embryos with a stereomicroscope. Embryos were observed through matching up to 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) and rates of survival and abnormalities recorded. PFCs caused lethality in a concentration-dependent manner with potential toxicity in the order of PFOS > FC807 > PFNA > PFOA based on 72-h LC(50). Forty-eight-hour post-fertilization pericardial edema and 72- or 96-hpf spine crooked malformation were all observed. PFOA, PFNA, PFOS and FC807 all caused structural abnormalities using early stages of development of zebrafish. The PFCs all retarded the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of the PFCs was related to the length of the PFC chain and functional groups. 相似文献
38.
Zheng Xuebo Yang Zhiman Xu Xiaohui Shi Xiaoshuang Dai Meng Guo Rongbo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14563-14574
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this work was to explore the potential application of biochar from distillers’ grains anaerobic digestion residue pyrolyzed at... 相似文献
39.
Investigation on the interaction between triclosan and bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic methods
Jiali Gu Siyao Zheng Heng Zhao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):52-59
AbstractMulti-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were used to study the interaction between triclosan (TCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TCS was due to the formation of TCS–BSA complex through static quenching. This result was also demonstrated by time-resolved fluorescence experiment. The binding constants and number of binding sites between TCS and BSA were 1.30?×?105 M?1 and 1.17 at 298?K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were studied in detail which suggested that hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bond played major roles in the TCS–BSA interaction. Moreover, the site marker competitive experiments and docking studies revealed that TCS could bind BSA into site I in subdomain IIA. All the results of UV–vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that interaction between TCS and BSA induced conformation changes of BSA. 相似文献
40.
Feng Shi-Jin Li An-Zheng Zheng Qi-Teng Cao Ben-Yi Chen Hong-Xin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15229-15247
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aeration by airflow technology is a reliable method to accelerate waste biodegradation and stabilization and hence shorten the aftercare period of a... 相似文献