The volatilization of diesel oil, Shengli crude oil and 90 # gasoline on glass surface of petri dishes were conducted at the ambient temperature of 25℃. Diesel oil evaporates in a power manner, where the loss of mass is approximately power with time. 90 # gasoline evaporates in a logarithmic with time. Where as the volatilization of Shengli crude oil fit either the logarithmic or power equation after different time, and has similar R^2 . And the effects of soil type and diesel oil and water content on volatilization behavior in unsaturated soil were studied in this paper. Diesel oil and water content in the soils play a large role in volatilization from soils. Appropriate water helps the wicking action but too much water stops it. The wicking action behaves differently in four different types of soils in the same volatilization experiment of 18% diesel oil content and air-dry condition. 相似文献
上海在区间隧道上方建造风井在国内尚属首例。随着人们绿色环保意识的增强,隧道通风井将会越来越多地修建在远离都市核心区的区间隧道的上方,因而研究风口基坑施工引起区间隧道位移的变化将会是岩土工程领域的又一崭新问题。本文结合上海人民路隧道风井风口基坑工程,针对是否降低承压水水位2种工况,采用M IDA S-GTS软件,对既有盾构隧道隆起进行数值模拟,从理论上量化在这2种工况下隧道的变形程度,探讨该方法的可行性,为最终选择何种工况施工提供了理论指导。实际的监测数据验证了本文方法的可行性,为今后的相关工程建设提供了一个成功范例。 相似文献
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been linked to elevated mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence on the effects of particulate matter pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still limited in Lanzhou, China. This research aimed to examine the associations of daily mean concentrations of ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) and cardiovascular mortality due to overall and cause-specific diseases in Lanzhou. Data representing daily cardiovascular mortality rates, meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily average humidity, and atmospheric pressure), and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2) were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, in Lanzhou. A quasi-Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the associations. Stratified analyses were also performed by different cause-specific diseases, including cerebrovascular disease (CD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart rhythm disturbances (HRD), and heart failure (HF). The results showed that elevated concentration of PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 had different effects on mortality of different cardiovascular diseases. Only cerebrovascular disease showed a significant positive association with elevated PM2.5. Positive associations were identified between PMC and daily mortality rates from total cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart diseases. Besides, increased concentration of PM10 was correlated with increased death of cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases. For cerebrovascular disease, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag4 was associated with increments of 1.22% (95% CI 0.11–2.35%). The largest significant effects for PMC on cardiovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases were both observed at lag0, and a 10 μg/m3 increment in concentration of PMC was associated with 0.47% (95% CI 0.06–0.88%) and 0.85% (95% CI 0.18–1.52%) increases in cardiovascular mortality and ischemic heart diseases. In addition, it exhibited a lag effect on cerebrovascular mortality as well, which was most significant at lag6d, and an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PMC was associated with a 0.76% (95% CI 0.16–1.37%) increase in cerebrovascular mortality. The estimates of percentage change in daily mortality rates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 were 0.52% (95% CI 0.05–1.02%) for cerebrovascular disease at lag6 and 0.53% (95% CI 0.01–1.05%) for ischemic heart disease at lag0, respectively. Our study suggests that elevated concentration of atmospheric PM (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) in Lanzhou is associated with increased mortality of cardiovascular diseases and that the health effect of elevated concentration of PM2.5 is more significant than that of PMC and PM10.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the enhancement of polycaprolactone (PCL) on total nitrogen (TN) removal of coal pyrolysis wastewater (CPW) with low COD to nitrogen ratio by partial nitrification-denitrification bioprocess (PNDB) in one single reactor. With the innovative combination of PCL and PNDB, the TN removal efficiency in the experimental reactor (signed as R1) was 10.21% higher than control reactor (R2). Nitrite accumulation percentage (NAP) in R1 was 82.02%, which was 17.49% higher than R2 at the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.9–1.5 mg/L, for the reason that the extra DO was consumed by PCL biodegradation at the aerobic period. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results demonstrated that organics with the molecular weight of 185 Da, which could serve as additional carbon sources for denitrifiers, were generated during the PCL hydrolysis process at the anoxic period. PCL was hydrolyzed by extracellular enzymes with the break of the ester bond which was confirmed by FT-IR spectrometer. Microbial community analysis revealed that Ferruginibacter was the dominant hydrolysis bacteria in R1. Nitrosomonas were the main ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Hyphomicrobium were the denitrifiers in this study.