云南省江川县地震应急工作探讨

地震应急工作是防震减灾三大工作体系的重要组成部分,地震应急工作的有效开展是防震减灾工作取得成效的关键.江川县地震地质构造复杂,历史地震活动频繁,且强度较高,属地震设防高烈度区,一直被国家和省列为地震危险区和重点监视防御区,做好地震应急工作将是江川防震减灾工作取得成效的关键.本文通过对江川开展地震应急工作的重要性和必要性进行分析,结合江川实际,就如何开展好江川地震应急工作进行探讨,有针对性地提出一些应急应对措施和对策.     

Demonstration of spontaneously dividing male fetal cells in maternal blood by negative magnetic cell sorting and fish

We investigated a case of massive feto-maternal bleeding by using negative magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A 37-year-old pregnant woman had an uncomplicated amniocentesis for advanced maternal age at 16 weeks' gestation. The fetal karyotype was 46, XY. At 19 weeks' gestation, she had a minor car accident and slight vaginal bleeding. A subsequent Kleihauer-Betke test showed a 140 ml feto-maternal haemorrhage. Serial sonographic examinations indicated a normal fetus and placenta. We performed FISH analysis on maternal peripheral blood at 25 weeks. Anti-CD45 and MACS were used to deplete maternal leucocytes, enriching the proportion of fetal nucleated erythrocytes present. The isolated cells were analysed by using dual-colour FISH with X and Y specific probes. Approximately 65 800 nucleated cells were obtained after MACS depletion. A total of 234 cells were analysed by FISH. The results revealed that 70 of the nucleated cells (30 per cent) were male with one X and one Y signal. Among these cells, six male metaphases were observed in spontaneously dividing cells.     

论生态类项目竣工环境保护监测验收

论述了环境监测在生态类项目环保管理中的重要作用及如何进行生态类项目的环境监测工作,通过监测与监督,使施工期的环境污染问题降至最低,更好地保护生态环境及公众的身体健康,建设生态文明,构筑人和自然和谐共生的社会环境。     

面向社会的地震监测预报信息服务调查与对策研究

本文基于中国"陌生人"社会的社会背景下,采用问卷方式对社会各个层次对地震监测预报信息的需求、认知现状等进行了抽样调查,提出了地震监测预报服务社会信息产品的种类及可行性。     

Inhibitive effects of three compositae plants on Microcystis aeruginosa

Based on common phenomena of biochemical interaction between plants and microorganisms, the inhibitive effects of three common terrestrial compositae plants, namely Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., and Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.-Bip. on the blue algae Microcystis aeruginosa was studied. Live compositae plants are co-cultivated with algae in two different inoculation doses for 10 days in 5-pools incubators, in order to exclude the influence of bacteria and nutrients. The results show that Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC has the most inhibitive potential among the three plants as evidenced by the most drastic decrease in optical density (OD₆₈₀) of the algae. The inhibition rate is 93.3% (with initial inoculation dose of 2.0 × 10⁶ Cells/mL) and 89.3% (with initial inoculation dose of 4.0 × 10⁶ Cells/mL) respectively on the 10^th day of cultivation. The average inhibition rate during the later half of the experiment is 0.76 (with initial inoculation dose of 2.0 × 10⁶ Cells/mL) and 0.71 (with initial inoculation dose of 4.06106 Cells/mL), respectively. Logistic model analysis shows that compositae plants such as A. lavandulaefolia DC. causes the reduction of the habitat’s carrying capacity of algae. ANOVA analysis is used to determine the similarity and differences between every experimental group and an average inhibitive rate model is used to evaluate the inhibition effects. The results show that A. lavandulaefolia DC., which grow well in the aquatic environment, may have a great potential in controlling algae bloom in eutrophic water.     

高职环境类《分析化学》改革的探讨与实践

分析化学是环境类高职高专院校开设的一门专业基础课程,主要教学目标在于培养学生在环境监测领域的职业技能。针对我院不同专业分析化学教学的现状及其存在的问题,结合分析化学的学科特点及社会发展趋势,从进行设计方案型教学,到整体优化教学内容、改革教学手段、开展证书制度等几方面入手,对分析化学理论与实践教学进行了改革尝试,从而达到真正落实素质教育,切实提高学生综合能力的目的。     

苏胶地体内榴辉岩的成因环境探讨

本文重点论述了苏胶地体内榴辉岩的四种产出形态，从岩石化学特点，微量元素的分馏及稀土元素富集或亏损等规律用六种以上的方法判别了不同产状榴辉岩的原岩性质；同时从区域变质环境、共生矿物、阳离子配位系数的相关性等方面，分析估算了榴辉岩相变质事件的Pt条件，以及后成碱性闪石榴辉岩产生的Pt条件，并同世界各地碱性闪石榴辉岩的成因作了广泛对比，概括了榴辉岩的成因环境等重大地质问题。     

大同盆地西南区地下水重金属来源解析及健康风险评价

干旱-半干旱地区地下水重金属污染受到广泛关注,但是地下水中重金属分布特征、污染来源及潜在人体健康风险尚未完全清楚.对采集的46组地下水进行测试分析,运用水文地球化学模拟和多元统计分析的方法,揭示大同盆地地下水中11种重金属（As、B、Pb、Sb、Tl、Mn、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr和Al）的污染特征和形态分布,结合绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型和健康风险评估模型,厘定地下水中重金属的来源和健康风险水平.结果表明：（1）地下水中As、B、Pb、Sb和Tl超过地下水质量标准Ⅲ类水标准限值,属于重度污染,Mn为轻度污染,重金属平均浓度总体呈现中部>南部>东部>西部的分布规律;（2）As、B、Pb、Sb和Tl主要存在形态分别为HAsO₄^2-（91.71%）、H₃BO₃（97.61%）、PbCO₃（88.08%）、Sb（OH）₆-（99.81%）和Tl+（94.84%）,pH是影响重金属形态分布的关键因素之一;（3）重金属污染来源主要为土壤迁移源（Co、Cd和Cr）、工业来源（Al、Pb、Sb和B）、矿区来源（Tl和Mn）及自然来源（Ba和As）,其中工业来源占比最大（34%）,其次为自然来源（29%）、矿区来源（20%）和土壤迁移来源（18%）;（4）重金属特定来源健康风险评价结果表明,工业活动和自然来源分别是成人（54.68%）和儿童（67.51%）致癌风险的主要来源,As的致癌风险最高.矿区活动是非致癌风险的主要贡献者（成人贡献率56.69%,儿童贡献率56.97%）,Tl和As的非致癌风险较高.研究成果对于指导干旱-半干旱地区水环境重金属污染防治具有积极的意义.     

基于工业源成分谱的宿迁市VOCs来源解析及污染特征分析

为研究宿迁市挥发性有机物（VOCs）与臭氧（O₃）的污染特征,厘清工业源的贡献,于2023年夏季开展了大气中116种VOCs的在线监测及典型工业污染源的离线采样,结合受体模型分析了宿迁市VOCs的变化特征、来源及O₃超标天的污染特征. 结果表明,监测期间φ（TVOCs）为21.78×10^-9,其中含氧VOCs与烷烃的贡献最高. 总臭氧生成潜势（OFP）达109.67 μg·m^-3,对OFP贡献最高的物种依次为乙醛、甲苯和异戊二烯. 正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型与基于实测工业源成分谱的ME-2模型结果较为吻合,但PMF模型解析出的工业源对TVOCs的贡献及其含氧VOCs的贡献相对更高,表明工业源排放的新鲜VOCs进入大气后易老化增长. O₃超标天辐射上升显著,工业源、交通源和生物源的贡献均有所增长,二次源升幅最大（51.7%）,其贡献也从非污染天的30.4%上升到污染天的36.1%. 监测期间,O₃和PM_2.5的质量浓度均与φ（TVOCs）存在正相关,O₃超标天PM_2.5的质量浓度尤其是二次组分上升明显,其中二次有机气溶胶（SOA）升幅最大（42.9%）. 研究突出了VOCs的源排放增强在有利气象条件的驱动下对于O₃和PM_2.5的重要贡献及相关二次过程对大气污染的重要影响.