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151.
152.
The effects of various concentrations of a synthetic estrogen, ethynylestradiol (EER), and an estrogenic compound, bisphenol
A (BPA), on the development of two sea urchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Strongylocentrotus nudus, were examined. At concentrations of 2.5 μM or higher of EER the zygotes did not hatch; at 0.98–1.25 μM they developed but had abnormal morphology;
and at concentrations lower than 1 μM there was no effect on embryogenesis. The dose dependency was the same for both species,
but more embryos of S. nudus showed exogastrulation at 3–10 μM EER. The effect of BPA on early development was less remarkable than that of EER; most
embryos developed normally even in the presence of 2.5 μM BPA. The feeding larvae progressed and finally metamorphosed into
juveniles even at 0.1–3 μM EER. The chemicals had opposing effects on the growth of the juveniles. A low dose of EER (0.1–1 μM)
promoted growth and the average diameter of the test was bigger than that of the control group; the same dose of BPA suppressed
growth and the test was smaller than that of the control group. These results show that the sensitivity and response to endocrine
disrupter chemicals changes markedly during the ontogeny of sea urchins.
Physical and Chemical Impacts on Marine Organisms, a Bilateral Seminar Italy-Japan held in November 2004 相似文献
153.
154.
Seasonal changes in diversity and community structure of planktonic copepods at a shelf site in Sagami Bay, Japan was studied
in relation to cross-shelf interaction of species components. Seasonal mesozooplankton samples were collected from the shelf
station (St. M) of the north-west part of Sagami Bay from 1995 to 1997. Vertical multi-layered samples were collected near
the center of Sagami Bay (St. P) in June 1996. A total 185 copepod species were identified from the two stations. We observed
a clear seasonal succession in calanoid diversity and community structure at St. M from a simple shelf water community (>11
species) during spring blooming periods to highly diverse and mixed communities (ca 20–30 species) of shelf water species
coupled with various Kuroshio Current species during late summer to autumn. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling
ordination analyses showed two distinct calanoid community groups. One group, which included samples of St. M and the surface
layer of St. P, consisted of shelf water species, such as Calanus sinicus, Ctenocalanus vanus, Paracalanus spp., and Kuroshio species, such as, Canthocalanus pauper, Scolecithrix danae, etc. The other cluster was restricted to the samples collected from mid and deep layers at St. P, which consisted of meso-
and bathypelagic species and Oyashio species (cold-current species, such as Neocalanus cristatus, Pseudocalanus spp., Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica). In the mid and deep layers at St. P, the population of dormant copepodid stage V (CV) of Eucalanus californicus and C. sinicus were dominant. The deep CV population of C. sinicus might be ecologically discriminated from the surface and shelf water population due to their larger body length and dormant
life cycle. E. californicus was also collected at the shelf site during each spring bloom period, whereas the population might descend into the mid-
and deep-layers of the central bay before summer. Our results suggest that the seasonal fluctuation of community structure
in the shelf water was controlled by both physical (Kuroshio Current) and biological factors, i.e., spring bloom and ontogenetic
vertical migration of E. californicus. In particular, transport and diffusion processes of Kuroshio Current in Sagami Bay played a key role in controlling the
shelf water calanoid community. 相似文献
155.
Izumi Noguchi Kentaro Hayashi Masahide Aikawa Tsuyoshi Ohizumi Yukiya Minami Moritsugu Kitamura Akira Takahashi Hiroshi Tanimoto Kazuhide Matsuda Hiroshi Hara 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):67-75
Temporal trends of non-sea salt (nss-) sulfate and nitrate were analyzed from nationwide precipitation chemistry measurements
provided by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) for the 1988–2002 fiscal years (April–March). The concentrations and deposition
of nss-sulfate were found to be decreasing, and those of nitrate were stable or slightly increasing at most sites. These deposition
trends were discussed from the viewpoint of emissions of SO2 and NOX during the period of interest. Because monitoring techniques have changed in the number of active sites, samplers, and analytical
methods during the operation period, the median of all annual depositions measured in Japan in a specific year was selected
as the annual representative. The contribution of specific emission sources was also calculated for 1990 on the basis of the
nss-sulfate and nitrate deposition in Japan obtained with a model simulation in which the model did not include volcanic emissions
from Mt. Oyama, Miyakejima Island, which began to erupt suddenly and violently in 2000. For nss-sulfate, the calculated deposition
agrees well with the intensity and trends of the median up to 1999. After 2000, a higher deposition than calculated in the
preceding years was evident, which is attributable to the volcanic SO2 from Mt. Oyama. For nitrate, both the calculated and observed depositions were slightly increasing; however, the calculation
was found to exceed the observation. 相似文献
156.
Katsuhisa Baba Akira Miyazono Keiji Matsuyama Shoui Kohno Shin Kubota 《Marine Biology》2007,151(5):1977-1987
In November 2003, we first observed prevalent occurrence of a hydroid, Eutima japonica, on soft body tissues of age zero Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) juveniles cultured in large areas of Funka Bay, Hokkaido. The occurrence coincided with massive death of juvenile scallops.
A major objective was to clarify ecological relationships between the symbionts, and to infer the relationship between symbiosis
and the massive mortality. To do this, we investigated distributions of association rates of hydroids with juvenile scallops
at 15–34 sites over 3 years (2003–2005), with age one adult scallops at 24 sites in 2003, and with mussels at 13 sites in
2004. We studied seasonal changes in association rates with juvenile scallops, and numbers of polyps per juvenile scallop
at three sites from November 2003 to June 2004. We also quantified the hydroid impacts on juvenile scallop shell length growth
and triglyceride accumulation in the digestive gland. The association rate of E. japonica polyps with juvenile scallops was high in large areas of Funka Bay in 2003, and overlapped the distribution of mussels bearing
polyps. Association rates with age one adult scallops were very low in November 2003, even at the sites where polyps were
very common on juvenile scallops. Levels of hydroid occurrence in juvenile scallops varies by year. We found that hydroids
presence in juvenile scallops declined drastically in 2004 and 2005. The association rates with juvenile scallops, and numbers
of polyps per juvenile scallop declined during winter, until they disappeared completely in the following June. Since polyps
were rare in adult scallops, we believe that infection of juvenile scallops was probably initiated from the planulae produced
by medusae released from polyps growing on Mytilus spp., especially M. galloprovincialis. Subsequently, the inhabitation spread intraspecifically and interspecifically. In juvenile scallops, inhabitation of polyps
reduced shell length growth by 43%, and triglyceride accumulation in digestive glands by 24–47%. Inhabitation of E. japonica on juvenile scallop is best regarded as parasitism, rather than inquilinism or commensalism. Occurrence of polyps was probably
not a direct lethal factor for juvenile scallops, because there were some sites where association rates were high, but mortalities
were low. Massive mortalities in 2003 may have resulted from simultaneous impacts of heavy polyp load and stresses caused
by the way in which the animals were handled (transferred from cages for pre-intermediate culture to cages for intermediate
culture), because the massive mortality occurred within a month of the transfer. The presence of polyps in juvenile scallops
does not affect the quality of the product in Funka Bay, because market size scallops are hydroid-free. 相似文献
157.
Akira Ohki Tsunenori Nakajima Kentaro Hayashi Haruna Taniguchi Kousei Haraguchi Hirokazu Takanashi 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(7):778-786
Mt. Sakurajima is a volcanic island in Japan, and a big city, Kagoshima, is quite close to the active volcano. Samples of volcanic ash fall erupted from Mt. Sakurajima were collected at several locations in Kagoshima City and analyzed for Hg and other elements, including major (Mg, Al, Ca, and Fe) and trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb). The concentrations of Hg varied from 6.3 to 124 ng g?1, with the amounts of ash varying from 13 to 1230 g m?2 month?1. The Hg concentrations tended to be higher when the monthly amounts of ash fall were lower; other elements did not show such a tendency. 相似文献
158.
Akira Mori Gordon M. Burghardt Alan H. Savitzky Kathleen A. Roberts Deborah A. Hutchinson Richard C. Goris 《Chemoecology》2012,22(3):187-198
Of the various chemical defensive adaptations of vertebrates, nuchal glands are among the most unusual. First described in a Japanese natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus, in 1935, these organs are embedded under the skin of the neck region as a series of paired glands that have neither lumina nor ducts. The major chemical components of the glandular fluid are bufadienolides, which are cardiotonic steroids also found in the skin secretion of toads. Here we review early studies of nuchal glands and briefly introduce our recent findings on the sequestration of bufadienolides from consumed toads and the maternal provisioning of those sequestered compounds. We summarize behavioral studies associated with the antipredator function of the nuchal glands, which have been conducted during our more than decade-long collaboration. Results of preliminary analyses on the possible costs of toad-eating and on the ultrastructure of the nuchal glands are also presented. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary origin of the nuchal glands and suggest future directions designed to understand the biological importance of these novel vertebrate organs, which have evolved in a limited number of snake species. 相似文献
159.
Heikki Haapala Ryunosuke Kikuchi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(4):189-190
A new application of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalyzer (EDX) has
been developed to study the distribution of airborne dust emissions. This technique makes it possible to identify the particles
and measure the amount of dust deposition on the surface of the biomonitoring material. Pine bark or needles and moss can
easily be used as the study material. A map indicating pollution levels and distribution can be drawn on the basis of the
measured data. 相似文献
160.
Mst. Shamsun Nahar Jing Zhang Akira Ueda Fujishiro Yoshihisa 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(6):1079-1094
The present study evaluated water supply geochemistry in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, to provide detailed trace level (subppb) water quality data that include major ions, low dissolved oxygen (DO) and toxic trace metals for sustainable development. Dhaka Groundwater, which almost uniformly meets the World Health Organization guideline, has become the preferred source. Due to groundwater depletion and an ever-increasing need to meet water demands by city residents, Dhaka water supply and sewerage authority has initiated the treatment of river water, despite the fact that very little is known about the geochemical structure, and trace metal content in the Dhaka water supply. Major ion composition of water samples was determined, and the results used to generate Stiff diagrams. The diagrams served to visually compare water from different sources based on units of mass/volume. Hydrochemical facies analysis showed supply ground and surface waters are comprised predominately of Ca–Na–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Na–Mg–HCO3–Cl types. Spatial distribution of ions, and Na/Cl and Na/SiO2 molar ratio indicated that silicate weathering is the dominant geochemical process. Chemical data revealed that toxic Cr metal mobilization is associated with chemical hazards from the leather industry. The vulnerability of deep wells to contamination by As is governed by the geometry of induced groundwater flow paths and the geochemical conditions encountered between the shallow and deep regions of the aquifer. Quantifying total arsenic (As) and As from interlocking geochemical cycles (Fe, Mn) may assist in interpreting As dynamics in Dhaka well water. The surface source water was hypoxic to anoxic low DO associated with very high concentrations of biological oxygen demands, and electrical conductivity compared to industrial and non-industrial urban processes and standard activity guidelines. The results of this study should be applied to future research focused on the potential to improve water quality in urban and surrounding areas. 相似文献