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171.
Alain Delisle Micheline Gagnon Pierre Desjardins 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):109-118
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four handgrip/box tilting strategies (right, left, backward, and no tilt of the box) on trunk and knee efforts, body posture, and the stability of 14 participants with limited experience in handling. The tasks consisted of transferring a low-lying box placed in front of the participant to a shelf of the same height at the participant’s left. It was hypothesized that tilting the box could reduce trunk and knee efforts as well as body asymmetry and improve stability. A tridimensional dynamic rigid body model was used to estimate the triaxial net muscular moment magnitudes at the trunk (L5/SI) and at the knees. An approach to quantify the participants’ dynamic stability was also included. Finally, five angles were computed to characterize body asymmetries. The results showed that tilting the box affected specific trunk efforts, but did not succeed in reducing trunk asymmetric efforts. However, the tilts were executed in a single direction, and it may be possible that combined tilts of the box could help reduce trunk asymmetric efforts. Tilting the box had little effect on knee loadings, and the left tilt strategy reduced participants’ stability. This study showed the importance of considering the position of the box when assessing the risks encountered in asymmetrical handling. 相似文献
172.
EDTA was percolated in laboratory columns through a soil polluted by heavy metals to investigate the efficiency of and processes involved in soil decontamination by chemical extraction. At high EDTA concentration (10−2 M), elution of Pb and Cd was very efficient for one pore volume, after which it decreased to almost zero due to depletion of available Pb and Cd and to competition with Ca and Fe slowly solubilized during the passage of the EDTA front. Clogging occurred after the end of the EDTA plateau. At lower EDTA concentrations (10−3 and 10−4 M), elution was less efficient, but extraction decreased little with the volume percolated; moreover no Ca above background values was dissolved. The optimum EDTA concentration for heavy metal extraction ranges between 10−2 and 10−3 M. The higher the concentration, the greater the extraction efficiency, but as the EDTA concentration is increased there is an optimum point at which clogging takes place and permeability decreases. 相似文献
173.
Christian Hermans Ann C. Vandaele Michel Carleer Sophie Fally Réginald Colin Alain Jenouvrier Bernard Coquart Marie-France Mérienne 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):151-158
Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds,
requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO2, O2 and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H2O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed. 相似文献
174.
Alain Lenoir Axel Touchard Séverine Devers Jean-Philippe Christidès Raphaël Boulay Virginie Cuvillier-Hot 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13446-13451
Phthalates are common atmospheric contaminants used in the plastic industry. Ants have been shown to constitute good bioindicators of phthalate pollution. Hence, phthalates remain trapped on ant cuticles which are mostly coated with long-chain hydrocarbons. In this study, we artificially contaminated Lasius niger ants with four phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). The first three have previously been found on ants in nature in Touraine (France), while the fourth has not. The four phthalates disappeared rapidly (less than 5 days) from the cuticles of live ants. In contrast, on the cuticles of dead ants, DEHP quantities remained unchanged over time. These results indicate that phthalates are actively absorbed by the cuticles of live ants. Cuticular absorption of phthalates is nonspecific because eicosane, a nonnatural hydrocarbon on L. niger cuticle, was similarly absorbed. Ants are important ecological engineers and may serve as bioindicators of ecosystem health. We also suggest that ants and more generally terrestrial arthropods may contribute to the removal of phthalates from the local environment. 相似文献
175.
Daniele Gaëlle Fieu Maëva Joachim Sandrine Bado-Nilles Anne Beaudouin Rémy Baudoin Patrick James-Casas Alice Andres Sandrine Bonnard Marc Bonnard Isabelle Geffard Alain Vulliet Emmanuelle 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16893-16904
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aims of this work are to develop suitable analytical methods to determine the widely used anticonvulsant carbamazepine and 12 of its... 相似文献
176.
Alain?DejeanEmail author James?M.?Carpenter Bruno?Corbara Pamela?Wright Olivier?Roux Louis?M.?LaPierre 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):265-273
Here we show that trying to rob prey (cleptobiosis) from a highly specialized predatory ant species is risky. To capture prey,
Allomerus decemarticulatus workers build gallery-shaped traps on the stems of their associated myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora. We wondered whether the frequent presence of immobilized prey on the trap attracted flying cleptoparasites. Nine social
wasp species nest in the H. physophora foliage; of the six species studied, only Angiopolybia pallens rob prey from Allomerus colonies. For those H. physophora not sheltering wasps, we noted cleptobiosis by stingless bees (Trigona), social wasps (A. pallens and five Agelaia species), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), and flies. A relationship between the size of the robbers and their rate of capture
by ambushing Allomerus workers was established for social wasps; small wasps were easily captured, while the largest never were. Reduviids, which
are slow to extract their rostrum from prey, were always captured, while Trigona and flies often escaped. The balance sheet for the ants was positive vis-à-vis the reduviids and four out of the six social
wasp species. For the latter, wasps began by cutting up parts of the prey’s abdomen and were captured (or abandoned the prey)
before the entire abdomen was retrieved so that the total weight of the captured wasps exceeded that of the prey abdomens.
For A. pallens, we show that the number of individuals captured during attempts at cleptobiosis increases with the size of the Allomerus’ prey. 相似文献
177.
Antignac JP Cariou R Zalko D Berrebi A Cravedi JP Maume D Marchand P Monteau F Riu A Andre F Le Bizec B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):164-173
In the frame of a French monitoring program, tri- to deca- polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) have been measured in maternal and cord serum, adipose tissue, and breast milk samples, collected from 93 volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. The seven major tri- to heptaBDE (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected in adipose tissue and breast milk with cumulated median values of 2.59 and 2.51 ng g−1 l w. Nine highly brominated octa- to decaBDE (BDE-196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 and 209) was performed in the same samples, with cumulated median values of 2.73 and 3.39 ng g−1 l w in adipose tissue and breast milk, respectively. At this opposite, median levels of octa- to decaBDE in maternal and cord serum appeared significantly higher than the levels of tri- to heptaBDE in the same matrices, i.e. 8.85 and 12.34 versus 0.98 and 0.69 ng g−1 l w, respectively. 相似文献
178.
Why seeking feedback from diverse sources may not be sufficient for stimulating creativity: The role of performance dynamism and creative time pressure 下载免费PDF全文
Roy B. L. Sijbom Frederik Anseel Michiel Crommelinck Alain De Beuckelaer Katleen E. M. De Stobbeleir 《组织行为杂志》2018,39(3):355-368
We explore how the impact of seeking feedback from different sources (i.e., feedback source variety) on employee creativity is shaped by perceptions of the work environment. Specifically, we argue that two contextual factors, namely, performance dynamism (Study 1) and creative time pressure (Study 2), moderate the relationship between feedback source variety and creativity such that under conditions of high performance dynamism and low creative time pressure, individuals benefit from diverse feedback information. In Study 1 (N = 1,031), the results showed that under conditions of high performance dynamism, the relationship between feedback source variety and self‐reported creativity was nonlinear, with employee creativity exponentially increasing as a function of feedback source variety. Similarly, in Study 2 (N = 181), we found that under conditions of low creative time pressure, the relationship between feedback source variety and employee creativity was nonlinear, with supervisor‐rated creative performance exponentially increasing at higher levels of feedback source variety. Such results highlight that the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance is affected by the perceptions of the work environment in which feedback is sought. 相似文献
179.
Vaillant N Monnet F Sallanon H Coudret A Hitmi A 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(2):695-702
The objectives in this work were to investigate a conceptual layout for an inexpensive and simple system that would treat primary municipal wastewater to discharge standards. A commercial hydroponic system was adapted for this study and the wastewater was used to irrigate wooly digitalis (Digitalis lanata Ehrh.) and foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.). These plants are medicinal and produce cardenolide compounds. Influent and effluent samples were collected once a month for six months and analyzed to determine the various parameters relating to water quality. The legal discharge levels for total suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reached for the two tested plants after 48 h of wastewater treatment; the removal was 82, 93, and 79%, respectively, for wooly digitalis and 92, 92, and 84%, respectively, for foxglove. Similar results were obtained during a 6-mo period although the sewage composition varied widely. The system tended to be unable to remove N and P to concentrations below regulated levels. Compared with the nutrient solution composition, the wastewater was more concentrated in Na+ and Cl- and less in N, K+, and Ca2+. These variations can lead to the decline of wooly digitalis plants. Foxglove developed a significant root system to increase mineral absorption wastewater being used as the unique nutritive source. After 10 wk all the wooly digitalis seedlings were dead. Despite this fact, however, the root system remained in place for a significant time (< 4 mo), thus continuing to filter wastewater and to be used as a bacterial support thus making it possible to have a security period to replace the dead plants. 相似文献
180.
Sylvie Gauthier Alain Leduc Yves Bergeron 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1996,39(1-3):417-434
In natural boreal forests, disturbances such as fire and variation in surficial deposits create a mosaic of forest stands with different species composition and age. At the landscape level, this variety of stands can be considered as the natural mosaic diversity. In this paper, we describe a model that can be used to estimate the natural diversity level of landscapes. We sampled 624 stands for tree species composition and surficial deposits in eight stand-age classes corresponding to eight fire episodes in the region of Lake Duparquet, Abitibi, Québec at the southern fringe of the Boreal Forest. For six surficial deposit types, stand composition data were used to define equations for vegetation changes with time for a chronosequence of 230 years for four forest types. Using Van Wagner's (1978) model of age class distribution of stands, the proportion of each forest type for several lengths of fire cycle were defined. Finally, for real landscapes (ecological districts) of the ecological region of the Basses-Terres d'Amos, the proportion of forest types were weighted by the proportion of each surficial deposit type using ecological map information. Examples of the possible uses of the model for management purposes, such as biodiversity conservation and comparisons of different landscapes in terms of diversity and sensitivity to fire regime changes, are discussed. 相似文献