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排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
81.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric urban area: monitoring on various types of sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dejean S Raynaud C Meybeck M Della Massa JP Simon V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,148(1-4):27-37
The air quality over the Toulouse urban area (France) is recorded daily by the regional "Midi-Pyrénées" atmospheric pollution measurements network (ORAMIP). Relevant data is collected from about 100 analysers spread over more than thirty stations. The regulations covering major indicators of atmospheric pollution (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide) have been updated in recent years to include additional compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ORAMIP, in partnership with the ENSIACET has undertaken background PAH average concentration measurements over the urban agglomeration of Toulouse during spring 2006 for various types of sites (traffic, urban, industrial). The sampling was performed using a low volume air sampler equipped with quartz fiber filters and polyurethane foams For the two urban sites, total atmospheric concentrations between 12 and 20 ng/m(3) have been obtained, whereas for the industrial site the values averaged 22 ng/m(3). In addition, and regardless of site, the average concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene, at present the only regulated PAH, were always less than the 1 ng/m(3) limit. 相似文献
82.
Estérine Evrard Alain Devaux Sylvie Bony Jérôme Cachot Grégory Charrier Louis Quiniou Jean Laroche 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):676-689
Physiological and genetic responses of age 0+ Platichthys flesus were investigated in the eutrophicated and moderately contaminated Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey. The main objective of this study was to explore the biological responses of fishes during their juvenile period in an estuarine system in order to detect a possible selective pressure induced by the environmental stress. Our results showed a general convergence in physiological responses along the survey: an increase in genotoxicity was associated with an increase in mRNA expression of ATPase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. These results could suggest an increase of cellular damage, energetic request, and detoxification rate related to the growing exposure time to stress. Considering the aging of the cohort, the genetic characteristics of the Vilaine flounder cohort came closer to the one observed in a highly stressed system, the Seine estuary, suggesting a potential selective pressure mainly induced by the chemical stress. 相似文献
83.
Bonton A Bouchard C Rouleau A Rodriguez MJ Therrien R 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2012,128(1-4):1-18
Groundwater contamination by nitrate was investigated in an agricultural area in southern Quebec, Canada, where a municipal well is the local source of drinking water. A network of 38 piezometers was installed within the capture zone of the municipal well to monitor water table levels and nitrate concentrations in the aquifer. Nitrate concentrations were also measured in the municipal well. A Water flow and Nitrate transport Global Model (WNGM) was developed to simulate the impact of agricultural activities on nitrate concentrations in both the aquifer and municipal well. The WNGM first uses the Agriflux model to simulate vertical water and nitrate fluxes below the root zone for each of the seventy agricultural fields located within the capture zone of the municipal well. The WNGM then uses the HydroGeoSphere model to simulate three-dimensional variably-saturated groundwater flow and nitrate transport in the aquifer using water and nitrate fluxes computed with the Agriflux model as the top boundary conditions. The WNGM model was calibrated by reproducing water levels measured from 2005 to 2007 in the network of piezometers and nitrate concentrations measured in the municipal well from 1997 to 2007. The nitrate concentrations measured in the network of piezometers, however, showed greater variability than in the municipal well and could not be reproduced by the calibrated model. After calibration, the model was validated by successfully reproducing the decrease of nitrate concentrations observed in the municipal well in 2006 and 2007. Although it cannot predict nitrate concentrations in individual piezometers, the calibrated and validated WNGM can be used to assess the impact of changes in agricultural practices on global nitrate concentrations in the aquifer and in the municipal well. 相似文献
84.
Delatolla R Tufenkji N Comeau Y Gadbois A Lamarre D Berk D 《Water environment research》2012,84(4):328-338
Attached growth biological treatment systems are a promising solution to ammonia removal in cold-temperature climates. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to investigate the effects of 4 months of exposure to 4 degrees C on nitrifying biofilm and biomass. These molecular and microscopic methods were modified to minimize loss of mass and distortion of in situ perspectives. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed that nitrifying biofilm did not exhibit significant changes in volume with exposure to 4 degrees C. Confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with FISH showed that the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) cells present in the biofilm was statistically consistent during exposure to 4 degrees C. The RNA content of AOB cells remained sufficient for FISH enumeration. The number of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria cells remained steady during exposure to 4 degrees C; however, the RNA content of the cells appeared to decrease with exposure to 4 degrees C, thereby preventing their enumeration using FISH. 相似文献
85.
Barillet S Adam-Guillermin C Palluel O Porcher JM Devaux A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):495-502
Because of its toxicity and its ubiquity within aquatic compartments, uranium (U) represents a significant hazard to aquatic species such as fish. In a previous study, we investigated some biological responses in zebrafish either exposed to depleted or to enriched U (i.e., to different radiological activities). However, results required further experiments to better understand biological responses. Moreover, we failed to clearly demonstrate a significant relationship between biological effects and U radiological activity. We therefore chose to herein examine U bioaccumulation and induced effects in zebrafish according to a chemical dose-response approach. Results showed that U is highly bioconcentrated in fish, according to a time- and concentration-dependent model. Additionally, hepatic antioxidant defenses, red blood cells DNA integrity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity were found to be significantly altered. Generally, the higher the U concentration, the sooner and/or the greater the effect, suggesting a close relationship between accumulation and effect. 相似文献
86.
Alain Copinet Estelle Copinet-Legin Florence Fricoteaux Damien Erre 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):172-176
The aim of this work was to estimate the biodegradation of a poly(lactic acid) polymeric material by the actinomycetes Kibdelosporangium aridum using a vermiculite based inert solid medium which could simulate compost medium and enable us to achieve complete carbon
balances. The mineralisation rate at the end of the test was compared to those obtained for two basal media. It was shown
that cumulative mineralisation after 45 days of degradation was greater (70%) in vermiculite with a basal medium containing
gelatin than in vermiculite with a basal medium containing glucose (20%). 相似文献
87.
A critical review of norms and standards and corresponding tests to determine the biodegradability in soil for biodegradable
plastics, possibly applicable also to biodegradable agricultural plastics, is presented. There are only a few norms available
at the international level about biodegradable plastics in soil. The criteria, parameters and testing methodologies for the
characterization, labelling and validation of the agricultural plastic waste streams with respect to possible biodegradation
in soil according to existing international standards are analysed while the relevant controversies are identified. To derive
the best suited for agricultural plastics specs and testing methods, the possible developments or adaptation of available
specs, is investigated. Considering the existing types of biodegradable plastic products in agriculture and their effective
life management at the agricultural field, only a few norms appear to provide suitable tests that could be adapted, following
appropriate research work, for testing biodegradability in soil under real field conditions. It is shown that some major revisions
are needed, with the support of systematic research work, before a new universal norm and standard testing methods become
available for testing agricultural plastics for biodegradation under real, and highly variable, soil conditions. Based on
the analysis of the different norms and their content it appears necessary to incorporate provisions for transferability of
results to different soils and climates, validation of tests through a positive reference and also, set prerequisites for
soil media. Long term biodegradation in soil prediction is another open issue. 相似文献
88.
Vigiak O Ribolzi O Pierret A Sengtaheuanghoung O Valentin C 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(3):889-897
In northern Laos, intensification of cultivation on sloping land leads to accelerated erosion processes. Management of riparian land may counteract the negative impacts of higher sediment delivery rates on water quality. This study assessed water and sediment concentration trapping efficiencies of riparian vegetation in northern Laos and the effect of cultivation of riparian land on water quality. Runoff flowing in and out of selected riparian sites was monitored by means of open troughs. In 2005, two native grass, two bamboo, and two banana sites were monitored. In 2006, adjacent to steep banana, bamboo, and native grass sites, three upland rice sites were established and monitored. Water trapping efficiency (WTE) and sediment concentration trapping efficiency (SCTE) were calculated on an event basis; means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a bootstrapping approach. Confidence intervals were large and overlapping among sites. Seepage conditions severely limited trapping efficiency. Native grass resulted in the highest WTE (95% CI, -0.10 to 0.23), which was not significantly different from zero. Banana resulted in the highest SCTE (95% CI, 0.06-0.40). Bamboo had negative WTE and SCTE. Median outflow runoff from rice sites was nine times the inflow. Median outflow sediment concentration from rice sites was two to five times that of their adjacent sites and two to five times the inflow sediment concentration. Although low-tillage banana plantation may reduce sediment concentration of runoff, cultivation of annual crops in riparian land leads to delivery of turbid runoff into the stream, thus severely affecting stream water quality. 相似文献
89.
Cariou R Antignac JP Zalko D Berrebi A Cravedi JP Maume D Marchand P Monteau F Riu A Andre F Le Bizec B 《Chemosphere》2008,73(7):1036-1041
A French monitoring study was initiated to evaluate the exposure of fetus and newborn to brominated flame retardants (BFR). A previously developed multi-residue analytical method was used for measuring the main classes of BFR (tetrabromobisphenol-A, and tri- to decabomodiphenyl ethers) in various human biological matrices. Analyzed samples (maternal and cord serum, adipose tissue and breast milk) were collected from 93 volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. TBBPA was detected in 44% of the analyzed breast milk samples, at levels varying from 0.06 to 37.34 ng g(-1) lipid weight, but was not detected in adipose tissue. This compound was also detected in 30% of the analyzed serum samples, with similar average values in maternal and cord serum (154 pg g(-1) fresh weight versus 199 pg g(-1) fresh weight, respectively). The interpretation of the collected data permitted the demonstration of (1) a significant exposure to TBBPA both for mothers and fetuses and (2) a possible risk of overexposure of newborns through breastfeeding. 相似文献
90.
The objective of this paper is to compare the following four methods of measuring oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment plants under process conditions: the offgas, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reaeration, and in situ oxygen uptake rate (OUR) methods. Comparative tests were performed under controlled conditions in a pilot column and in six full-scale oxidation ditches equipped with fine-bubble diffusers and slow-speed mixers. The offgas and H2O2 methods give similar results (differences between the oxygen-transfer coefficients under field conditions [k(L)a(f)] from each method lower than 10%). The reaeration procedure gives more random results (differences from -5 to -43% compared with values obtained using the offgas method). The in situ OUR method, in the presence of a horizontal flow of mixed liquor, leads to an estimate of k(L)a(f) to within 15% of the offgas value. 相似文献