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排序方式: 共有898条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Karen L. Stals Matthew Wakeling Júlia Baptista Richard Caswell Andrew Parrish Julia Rankin Carolyn Tysoe Garan Jones Adam C. Gunning Hana Lango Allen Lisa Bradley Angela F. Brady Helena Carley Jenny Carmichael Bruce Castle Deirdre Cilliers Helen Cox Charu Deshpande Abhijit Dixit Jacqueline Eason Frances Elmslie Andrew E. Fry Alan Fryer Muriel Holder Tessa Homfray Emma Kivuva Victoria McKay Ruth Newbury-Ecob Michael Parker Ravi Savarirayan Claire Searle Nora Shannon Deborah Shears Sarah Smithson Ellen Thomas Peter D. Turnpenny Vinod Varghese Pradeep Vasudevan Emma Wakeling Emma L. Baple Sian Ellard 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(1):33-43
针对传统教与学算法在解决复杂多峰函数优化问题时,具有局部最优且搜索开发能力较差的缺点,提出了一种改进的多学习教与学优化算法,新算法为学员的每一维加入不同的教学因子,设计了基于学员均值比较的教师选择策略和向教师及学员学习的多学习策略。基于多个单峰和多峰函数的仿真结果表明,新算法跟传统的、改进的教与学算法相比,在稳定性、寻优精度和收敛速度方面更具优势。 相似文献
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Saito L Miller WW Johnson DW Qualls RG Provencher L Carroll E Szameitat P 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(1):91-100
This study tested the hypothesis that stable C and N isotope values in surface soil and litter would be increased by fire due to volatilization of lighter isotopes. The hypothesis was tested by: (1) performing experimental laboratory burns of organic and mineral soil materials from a watershed at combinations of temperature ranging 100 to 600 degrees C and duration ranging from 1 to 60 min; (2) testing field samples of upland soils before, shortly after, and 1 yr following a wildfire in the same watershed; and (3) testing field soil samples from a down-gradient ash/sediment depositional area in a riparian zone following a runoff event after the wildfire. Muffle furnace results indicated the most effective temperature range for using stable isotopes for tracing fire impacts is 200 to 400 degrees C because lower burn temperatures may not produce strong isotopic shifts, and at temperatures>or=600 degrees C, N and C content of residual material is too low. Analyses of field soil samples were inconclusive: there was a slightly significant effect of the wildfire on delta15N values in upland watershed analyses 1 yr postburn, while riparian zone analyses results indicated that delta13C values significantly decreased approximately 0.71 per thousand over a 9 mo post-fire period (p=0.015), and ash/sediment layer delta13C values were approximately 0.65 per thousand higher than those in the A horizon. The lack of field confirmation may have been due to overall wildfire burn temperatures being <200 degrees C and/or microbial recovery and vegetative growth in the field. Thus, the muffle furnace experiment supported the hypothesis, but it is as yet unconfirmed by actual wildfire field data. 相似文献
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Cost-efficient sample designs for collection of ground data and accurate mapping of variables are required to monitor natural
resources and environmental and ecological systems. In this study, a sample design and mapping method was developed by integrating
stratification, model updating, and cokriging with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. This method is based on the spatial
autocorrelation of variables and the spatial cross-correlation among them. It can lead to sample designs with variable grid
spacing, where sampling distances between plots vary depending on spatial variability of the variables from location to location.
This has potential cost-efficiencies in terms of sample design and mapping. This method is also applicable for mapping in
the case in which no ground data can be collected in some parts of a study area because of the high cost. The method was validated
in a case study in which a ground and vegetation cover factor was sampled and mapped for monitoring soil erosion. The results
showed that when the sample obtained with three strata using the developed method was used for sampling and mapping the cover
factor, the sampling cost was greatly decreased, although the error of the map was slightly increased compared to that without
stratification; that is, the sample cost-efficiency quantified by the product of cost and error was greatly increased. The
increase of cost-efficiency was more obvious when the cover factor values of the plots within the no-significant-change stratum
were updated by a model developed using the previous observations instead of remeasuring them in the field. 相似文献
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Runa Masuma Tsutomu Okuno Mohammad Shahabuddin Kabir Choudhuri Takeshi Saito 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):416-421
The safety of Tinospora cordifolia and its potential to protect against ultraviolet radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in PC12 cells were investigated. To evaluate the safety of T. cordifolia, cell viability and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out using PC12 cells treated with 0 to 100 μg mL?1 of methanol extract of T. cordifolia. T. cordifolia extracts did not show cytotoxicity ranging 0 to 100 μg mL?1. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased cell viability at 1 ng, 10 ng and 1 μg mL?1 concentrations in serum‐deprived medium compared to control. To confirm the protective role against UV‐induced damage, PC12 cells alone or in the presence of 10 ng, 100 ng, or 1 μg mL?1 of T. cordifolia extract were exposed to 250, 270 and 290 nm of UV radiation, which corresponded to doses of 120, 150 and 300 mJ cm?2, respectively. Treatment with T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased the cell survival rate irradiated at 290 nm. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly reduced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation induced by UV irradiation at all wavelengths. In conclusion, T. cordifolia is not toxic and safe for cells. Our findings can support its application as phototherapy in the medical sector. 相似文献
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