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11.
Amar-Gil Sebastian Ardila-Arias Alba N. Barrera-Zapata Rolando 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1325-1332
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this contribution, the preparation of iron-based catalysts from waste tires is reported. Waste steel from disused tires was used as feedstock to... 相似文献
12.
Rita Puig Pere Fullana-i-Palmer Grau Baquero Jordi-Roger Riba Alba Bala 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2789-2797
Life cycle thinking is a good approach to be used for environmental decision-support, although the complexity of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies sometimes prevents their wide use. The purpose of this paper is to show how LCA methodology can be simplified to be more useful for certain applications.In order to improve waste management in Catalonia (Spain), a Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (LCA-based) has been used to obtain four mathematical models to help the government in the decision of preventing or allowing a specific waste from going out of the borders. The conceptual equations and all the subsequent developments and assumptions made to obtain the simplified models are presented.One of the four models is discussed in detail, presenting the final simplified equation to be subsequently used by the government in decision making.The resulting model has been found to be scientifically robust, simple to implement and, above all, fulfilling its purpose: the limitation of waste transport out of Catalonia unless the waste recovery operations are significantly better and justify this transport. 相似文献
13.
Plant–insect interactions, which are strongly mediated by chemical defenses, have the potential to shape invasion dynamics. Despite this, few studies have quantified natural variation in key defensive compounds of invasive plant populations, or how those defenses relate to levels of herbivory. Here, we evaluated variation in the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol in rosette plants of naturally occurring, introduced populations of the North American invader, Verbascum thapsus L. (common mullein; Scrophulariaceae). We examined two scales that are likely to structure interactions with insect herbivores—among populations and within plant tissues (i.e., between young and old leaves). We additionally estimated the severity of damage incurred at these scales due to insect chewing herbivores (predominantly grasshoppers and caterpillars), and evaluated the relationship between iridoid glycoside content and leaf damage. We found significant variation in iridoid glycoside concentrations among populations and between young and old leaves, with levels of herbivory strongly tracking leaf-level investment in defense. Specifically, across populations, young leaves were highly defended by iridoids (averaging 6.5× the concentration present in old leaves, and containing higher proportions of the potentially more toxic iridoid, catalpol) and suffered only minimal damage from generalist herbivores. In contrast, old leaves were significantly less defended and accordingly more substantially utilized. These findings reveal that quantitative variation in iridoid glycosides is a key feature explaining patterns of herbivory in an introduced plant. In particular, these data support the hypothesis that defenses limit the ability of generalists to feed on mullein’s well-defended young leaves, resulting in minimal losses of high-quality tissue, and increasing performance of this introduced species. 相似文献
14.
从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤-水环境中的化学行为:一是土壤对该药的吸附,结果表明,吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关,Freundlich常数kf=0.94Wom+0.65Wclay-9.59pH(r^2=0.94);二是吸附机理研究,发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物,并证实了与CU^2+形成的双核桥联合物的可能性;三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性,不易水解;四是它在〈 相似文献
15.
Liliana D’Alba Matthew D. Shawkey Peter Korsten Oscar Vedder Sjouke A. Kingma Jan Komdeur Steven R. Beissinger 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(6):1037-1045
Female birds can influence offspring fitness by varying the relative quantities of egg components they deposit within and
between clutches. Antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and avidin) are significant components of the avian albumen
and likely aid in defense of embryos from microbial infection. Within clutches, females may enhance antimicrobial defense
of early-laid eggs to protect them from the high risk of infection incurred before the onset of incubation. Among entire clutches,
females may invest more resources in young sired by more attractive males because they have higher reproductive value. We
tested these hypotheses by quantifying antimicrobial protein distribution within and among clutches in blue tit eggs. Contrary
to our hypothesis, clutches showed no differential deposition of lysozyme or avidin within clutches, but eggs laid in the
middle of the sequence had higher concentrations of ovotransferrin than eggs in the beginning and end. Consistent with our
second hypothesis, we found that females produced eggs with higher concentrations of lysozyme (although not ovotransferrin
or avidin) when mated to more attractive (more UV-reflective) males. Furthermore, females mated to polygynous males deposited
less lysozyme than those mated to monogamous males. These data suggest that allocation of lysozyme at the clutch level may
be a maternal effect mediated by male qualities. 相似文献
16.
Marchese MR Rodriguez AR Pave PJ Carignano MR 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(3):343-348
The present study was aimed at analyzing chromium concentrations in water column and bottom sediments in the main channel of Northern Salado River (tributary of Middle Parana River) and its floodplain. The main changes caused by human activities and hydrological disturbances on benthic invertebrate structure were also analyzed. Sediment concentrations of the reference area varied between 44.2 and 97.1 microg Crg(-1) (dw), and in the impacted zone, between 85.5 and 209 microg Cr g(-1) (dw) reaching the highest values in the wetland floodplain. Alfa, beta and gamma diversities in the reference section have been 33, 9 and 66 species, and in the disturbed section, they have been 37, 8.33 and 74 species, respectively The species dominant in the disturbed habitats were characterized by a small body size and short life cycles, as the species of olig chaetes Naidinae. The extreme flooding produced a rejuvenation of the area with the consequent physical re-structuration produced by flooding, showing: a marked decrease in chromium levels in sediments and in organic matter content, which allowed the colonization of insects (Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera). 相似文献
17.
Masiá Paula Ardura Alba Gaitán Mario Gerber Steve Rayon-Viña Fernando Garcia-Vazquez Eva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):30722-30731
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastic pollution is a major environmental issue that affects coasts all around the world. Many studies point out the importance of a better... 相似文献
18.
A complex chromosome rearrangement, apparently a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 4,6, 15 and 16, was found in cultured cells of amniotic fluid from a 32–year-old primigravida who requested amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis because of a family history of mental retardation. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood from both parents were normal. The couple was counselled for the prenatal diagnosis of this de novo complex translocation and, subsequently, elected to terminate the pregnancy. Post-mortem examination revealed a 23–week fetus with intrauterine growth retardation. The identical chromosome rearrangement was subsequently confirmed in cultured fibroblasts from skin and cord obtained from the abortus. To our knowledge, this is the first report where routine prenatal diagnosis revealed a fetus with a balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement involving four chromosomes of de novo origin. 相似文献
19.
20.
The photodegradation of the aryloxyphenoxy propionic herbicide cyhalofop-butyl (2R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropanoate (CyB), and of its primary metabolite (2R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyA) was studied in water at different irradiation wavelengths. The sunlight irradiation was investigated also in the presence of humic acid (HA), Fe oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalysts.CyB and CyA were rapidly degraded by UV irradiation. CyB afforded the butyl ester of 2-[3-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-phenoxy]propanoic acid (CyI), a metabolite arising from a photo-Fries rearrangement. Instead, CyA yielded (R)-2-4-(4-carboxyl-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxypropanoic acid (CyD), a dicarboxylic acid arising from the photo-hydrolysis of cyano group via amide. CyB was stable in simulated sunlight also in the presence of the catalysts tested.The irradiation of a CyA solution, in the presence of HA or Fe oxide, with simulated sunlight did not produce any significant degradation. In the same experimental conditions, CyA was totally mineralized in the presence of TiO2 and ZnO. 相似文献