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排序方式: 共有340条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
331.
W. Lüttke K. Gottstein E. Lamla C. W. Correns Albert Kolb 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1963,50(7):314-316
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Erisman JW Möls H Fonteijn P Geusebroek M Draaijers G Bleeker A van der Veen D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,125(2):139-155
A 6-month field intercomparison study on precipitation measurements was performed at Schagerbrug near the west coast in the Netherlands. Twenty bulk sampling systems and two wet-only samplers were evaluated on accuracy, sampling strategy and performance under field conditions. Bulk precipitation fluxes of NO3-, NH4+, H+ and Kjeldahl-N generally could be determined with a greater accuracy than bulk precipitation fluxes of SO4(2-), Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, Alkalinity and H+. Bulk precipitation fluxes of K+ generally had the lowest accuracy. Only 20% of the sampling systems differed less than 10% from the best estimate, whereas most systems (60%) differed more than 20% from the best estimate. The inaccuracy induced by the sampling system appeared to be much larger than that resulting from the analysis of the samples by different laboratories as determined by ring-tests. 相似文献
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Margaret W. Gitau Tamie L. Veith William J. Gburek Albert R. Jarrett 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(6):1565-1581
Abstract: For a number of years, best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented within the Town Brook watershed as part of a watershed wide effort to reduce phosphorus losses to the New York City water supply reservoirs. Currently, there are no quantitative indications of the effectiveness of these practices at the watershed scale. Additionally, work is needed to evaluate management practice solutions for costs in relation to effectiveness. In this study we develop a methodology for evaluating management solutions to determine the best way(s) to select and place management practices so that pollutant removal targets are met at minimum cost. The study combines phosphorus losses as simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), management practice effectiveness estimates from a predeveloped characterization tool, and practice costs in optimizations using a genetic algorithm. For a user defined target phosphorus removal (60 percent for this study), optimization favors nutrient management plans, crop rotations, contour strip cropping, and riparian forest buffers; the most cost effective scenario achieves a cost effectiveness of 24/kg phosphorus removal per year compared to the 34/kg phosphorus removal per year associated with the current basic implementation scheme. The study suggests that there is a need to evaluate potential solutions prior to implementation and offers a means of generating and evaluating the solutions. 相似文献
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<正>Pentachlorophenol(PCP)has been extensively used as a fungicide,bactericide,herbicide,molluscicide。algaecide and insecticide worldwide(Ahlborg and Thunberg,1980:Choudhury et al.,1986).Although PCP is primarily used as a preservative for wood and wood products,it has been also used in a variety of other products,including adhesives,construction materials,leather and paper.PCP is environmentally persistent with a half-life of up to 6-7 months in soil and water systems(Law 相似文献
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Rosa M. Pintó M. Isabel Costafreda Francisco J. Pérez-Rodriguez Lucía D’Andrea Albert Bosch 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(3):127-135
Hepatitis A is the most common among all hepatitis worldwide in spite of an efficient vaccine and improved hygiene. Shellfish-borne
outbreaks are still of major concern causing hundreds of cases and huge economical losses in the present context of global
food trade. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a unique picornavirus with many differences in its molecular biology including both
its incapacity to induce the inhibition of the cellular protein synthesis and a highly biased and deoptimized codon usage
with respect the cell. The final goal of this intriguing strategy seems to be the need for a fine-tuning control of the translation
kinetics, particularly at the capsid coding region, and the underlying mechanism is the use of a right combination of common
and rare codons to allow a regulated ribosome traffic rate thus ensuring the proper protein folding. Capsid folding is critical
to warrant a high environmental stability for a virus transmitted through the fecal–oral route with long extracorporeal periods. 相似文献
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Environmental Fluid Mechanics - In this paper, we revisit a well-known formulation of temperature structure parameter ( $$C_T^2$$ ), originally proposed by V. I. Tatarskii. We point out its... 相似文献