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排序方式: 共有152条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
131.
Porewater plays an important role in sediment toxicity assessment using bioassays, but the most reliable extracting method and the potential contribution of confounding factors to the real toxicity need to be studied. The applicability of bioassays with the early life stages of Paracentrotus lividus, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas on porewaters extracted by centrifugation from the Venice Lagoon (Italy) is evaluated and demonstrated: toxicity tests can discriminate the toxicity of porewaters from sites with different kinds and levels of pollution and, using toxicity scores, data are classified in five toxicity classes. Sulphides do not represent a confounding factor in porewater toxicity; in contrast ammonia exhibited some concentrations above the toxicity threshold for sea urchin embryos. 相似文献
132.
133.
Vincenzo Augugliaro Claudio Baiocchi Alessandra Bianco Prevot Elisa García-Lpez Vittorio Loddo Sixto Malato Giuseppe Marcí Leonardo Palmisano Marco Pazzi Edmondo Pramauro 《Chemosphere》2002,49(10)
The photodegradation of two common and very stable azo-dyes, i.e. methyl-orange (C14H14N3SO3Na) and orange II (C16H11N2SO4Na), is reported. The photocatalytic oxidation was carried out in aqueous suspensions of polycrystalline TiO2 irradiated by sunlight. Compound parabolic collectors, installed at the “Plataforma Solar de Almería” (PSA, Spain) were used as the photoreactors and two identical reacting systems allowed to perform photoreactivity runs for the two dyes at the same time and under the same irradiation conditions. The disappearance of colour and substrates together with the abatement of total organic carbon content was monitored. The main sulfonate-containing intermediates were found to be in lower number in respect to those obtained under artificial irradiation. In particular there were no more evidence of the presence of hydroxylated transients. The dependence of dye photooxidation rate on: (i) substrate concentration; (ii) catalyst amount; and (iii) initial pH was investigated. The influence of the presence of strong oxidant species (H2O2, S2O82−) and some ions (Cl−, SO42−) on the process was also studied. 相似文献
134.
Practical and mechanistic aspects of the removal of cadmium from aqueous systems using peat 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fine P Scagnossi A Chen Y Mingelgrin U 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,138(2):358-367
A sphagnum peat moss removed Cd from aqueous solutions very efficiently, and its effectiveness in taking up the metal was significantly enhanced by exposure to a 1N NaOH solution. The capacity of the untreated peat for Cd reached 300 g/kg and that of the NaOH-activated peat was over 400 g/kg. Although saturation was rarely reached, the Cd uptake from concentrated solutions often exceeded 200 g/kg. In column experiments, 1g of the NaOH-activated peat completely removed the metal from over 0.2L of a 200-mg/L Cd solution (final Cd concentration<0.1mg/L), while 1g of non-activated peat cleared Cd from less than 25% of that volume. The cation exchange capacity measured for the peat depended on the time of contact with the exchanging solution. After 72 h contact, the value for the NaOH-activated peat was 135 cmol(c)/kg. In addition to uptake by exchange, a significant amount of Cd was sorbed by non-exchange mechanisms. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carboxyl groups in the uptake. 相似文献
135.
Frederico P. Brandini Eduardo T. da Silva Franciane M. Pellizzari Alessandra L. O. Fonseca Luciano F. Fernandes 《Marine Biology》2001,138(1):163-171
Production rates, chlorophyll concentrations and general composition of periphytic diatom communities growing on glass slides
were studied in relation to environmental parameters during one seasonal cycle in the Bay of Paranaguá, southern Brazil. Slides
were routinely submersed at 1, 2 and 3 m depth and recovered weekly for microscopic examinations, analyses of chlorophyll,
cell counts and in situ photosynthetic incubations using the Winkler titration method. Water samples were also collected at
surface and bottom layers for determinations of temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll in the water. The periphytic
community was mainly formed by epipelic and epipsammic species, dominated by Navicula phyllepta, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula spp. and Amphora sp. Weekly chlorophyll a and cell accumulations on slides varied from <1–32 mg m−2 and up to 31 × 108 cells m−2, respectively. Photosynthetic rates varied from <1 to 35 mg oxygen mg chlorophyll a
−1 h−1, with higher values in summer. Daily production varied from 5 to 3,600 mg oxygen m−2 day−1 (<0.01–1.4 g carbon m−2 day−1). Multiple regression analysis revealed that vertical differences in light conditions and grazing pressure jointly affected
the influence of temperature on the seasonal patterns of cell densities and chlorophyll concentrations according to depth.
Received: 27 April 2000 / Accepted: 16 August 2000 相似文献
136.
137.
The spatial and temporal variability of transparency measured for 15 years at 7 stations near the San Diego sewage outfall has been investigated and compared to the temporal variability of sewage suspended solid discharge and flow rate. the purpose of the time-series analyses was to distinguish natural from human (sewage discharge) causes of temporal changes in transparency. the results show that: 1) variations in transparency are highly correlated over the entire area, but there is a gradient in means and variability in the direction perpendicular to the coast; 2) there are no long term trends for increase or decrease in the water clarity at any of the stations; 3) most of the variance of transparency is contained in the seasonal frequency band; 4) over the same time period sewage discharge has significantly increased and suspended solids decreased; 5) most of the variance of these human-caused properties is in the interannual frequency band; (6) there is no correlation at any time-lag between water clarity and suspended solid discharge or flow. These results lead to the conclusion that these anthropogenic properties are not affecting transparency, while natural factors such as seasonality and distance from coast do. 相似文献
138.
Augusto Screpanti Alessandra De Marco 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1513-1520
Because of climatic reasons and of reduced concentrations of SO2, ground-level ozone (O3) is one of the main air pollutants in Southern Europe. Ozone levels are very high both in rural and urban locations. In the cities, O3 can affect human health and materials. Regarding materials, most relevant is the exposure to pollutants of cultural heritage buildings. In particular, monuments registered on UNESCO's list of the world heritage require special monitoring. In Italy 34% and 97% of the territory is exposed to corrosion risk higher than the tolerable level for limestone and copper, respectively. The tolerable corrosion level for limestone and copper was also exceeded in the central area of Milan. In this area the tolerable O3 concentration for copper was calculated. These concentrations (ranging between 30 and 40 μg/m3) cannot be exceeded at unchanged concentration of other pollutants to maintain corrosion levels below the tolerable ones. 相似文献
139.
Chiara Losso Alessandra Arizzi Novelli Pier Francesco Ghetti 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(12):3655-3662
Marine and coastal quality assessment, based on test batteries involving a wide array of endpoints, organisms and test matrices, needs for setting up toxicity indices that integrate multiple toxicological measures for decision-making processes and that classify the continuous toxicity response into discrete categories according to the European Water Framework Directive.Two toxicity indices were developed for the lagoon environment such as the Venice Lagoon. Stepwise procedure included: the construction of a database that identified test-matrix pairs (indicators); the selection of a minimum number of ecotoxicological indicators, called toxicological core metrics (CMs-tox) on the basis of specific criteria; the development of toxicity scores for each CM-tox; the integration of the CMs-tox into two indices, the Toxicity Effect Index (TEI), based on the transformation of Toxic Unit (TU) data that were integrated as logarithmic sum, and the Weighted Average Toxicity Index (WATI), starting from toxicity classes integrated as weighted mean. Results from the indices are compared; advantages and drawbacks of both approaches are discussed. 相似文献
140.
Ciniglia C Sansone C Panzella L Napolitano A d'Ischia M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3299-3306
INTRODUCTION: The reuse of wastewaters for agricultural purposes is a common practice in many countries and is increasingly recommended by organizations that promote sustainable development. Yet, it is restricted by the potential negative impact of these materials on soil and crops. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the environmental impact of walnut husk washing waters (WHWW) and their organic fractions, in order to conceive their agricultural exploitation. DISCUSSION: Phytotoxicity tests and morphological investigations on representative plant species of horticultural interest indicated that WHWW and their organic fractions can elicit a concentration-dependent stimulating effect on the growth of radish, lettuce cv. cavolo Napoli with effects up to 165 %. An opposite inhibitory effect up to 70 % was observed on spinach and lettuce cv. Gentilina. Proapoptotic effects were observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay in the species inhibited by WHWW treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the WHWW revealed the presence of a main component which was extracted selectively in organic solvents and purified by preparative chromatography. Complete spectral analysis allowed identification as 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone, commonly known as regiolone. Regiolone exhibited the same concentration-dependent activity on root elongation with a stimulation in the case of radish up to 135 % with respect to control. These results open perspectives in the exploitation of WHWW and the main phenolic constituent readily available by a straightforward isolation procedure as a natural fertilizer for specific crops. 相似文献