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191.
Alex Troost 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1961,48(21):664-644
192.
Sohel Q. Saikat Joy E. Carter Aradhana Mehra Barry Smith Alex Stewart 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(3-4):395-401
Endemic goitre was prevalent in the population of Derbyshire in the UK for many centuries until it declined from the 1930s. A contemporary medical survey showed that endemicity of goitre was particularly higher in the Carboniferous limestone areas of the Derbyshire-Peak District. Unlike classical goitrous areas of the world, where the distribution of goitre has been found to be related to the iodine content in the environment, there is no such relationship reported for the Derbyshire-Peak District area. The present study reviews the presence of endemic goitre in this area with reference to iodine in different environmental media using past and present data. In comparison with the world average values, the iodine contents in the soil and sediment in the Peak District are not deficient, but compared to England, Wales and Scotland averages, these levels are low. As no information on the mobility and bioavailability of iodine of this area is available, a cautious approach is necessary before any assumption is made on the aetiology of endemic goitre. The study also discusses some hypotheses relating to the possible cause of endemic goitre in the limestone areas. Further research needs are suggested depending on the land use and geochemistry of the Peak District to determine the underlying causes of the former endemic goitre in this area. 相似文献
193.
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195.
Roos Eisma Alex T. Vermeulen W. M. Kieskamp 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1994,31(1-2):197-202
The determination of methane emissions on a regional scale is needed in order to reduce some of the uncertainties in the global methane budget. Our measurements of the concentration and the Carbon-13 isotope composition (13C) of atmospheric methane are, combined with trajectories, used to get insight in the type and size of the methane emissions of a large area. 相似文献
196.
Surface barriers for waste disposal sites should preventwaste water and gas emission into the environment. It isnecessary to assess their proper operation by monitoring thewater regime of the containment. A set of three new water contentmeasuring devices has been developed that provide an economicalsolution for monitoring the moisture distribution and waterdynamic. They will give an early warning service if the barriersystem is at risk of being damaged. The cryo soil moisture sensor`LUMBRICUS' is an in situ self-calibrating absolute water contentmeasuring device. It measures moisture profiles at spot locationsdown to 2.5 m depth with an accuracy of better than 1.5% and adepth resolution of 0.03 m. The sensor inherently measuresdensity changes and initial cracks of shrinking materials likeclay minerals. The large area soil moisture sensor `TAUPE' is amoisture sensitive electric cable network to be buried in themineral barrier material of the cover. A report will be givenwith results and experiences on an exemplary installation at theWaste Disposal Facility Karlsruhe-West. 800 m2 of the barrierconstruction have been continuously monitored since December1997. Volumetric water content differences of 1.5% have beendetected and localised within 4 m. This device is alreadyinstalled in two other waste disposal sites. A modified `TAUPE'was constructed for the control of tunnels and river dams aswell. Thin sheet moisture sensor `FORMI' is specifically designedfor moisture measurements in liners like bentonite, textile andplastic. Due to its flexibility it follows the curvature of theliner. The sensor measures independently from neighbouringmaterials and can be matched to a wide range of differentthickness of the material. The sensors are patented in several countries. 相似文献
197.
Damien GiurcoAuthor Vitae Albena BossilkovAuthor VitaeJames PattersonAuthor Vitae Alex KazaglisAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(8):867-876
Urban water scarcity from ongoing drought and an increasing population are driving a range of water saving options to be explored in Melbourne (Australia). This paper assesses the cost effectiveness of five water treatment and industrial reuse options in the Fishermans Bend industrial area at Port Melbourne. In consultation with industrial stakeholders and the local water utility, the study design began by identifying potential water sources and sinks in the area. Treatment technologies for each option - using a combination of membrane bioreactors (MBR) and in some cases reverse osmosis (RO) technologies - were developed. In evaluating the potential for future implementation, the cost effectiveness ($/kiloLitre) was assessed relative to water supply augmentation and water demand management options available in Melbourne. Additionally, the opportunities and barriers for option implementation in Port Melbourne were contrasted with the Kwinana Industrial Area, Western Australia where many regional synergy projects have been undertaken. This research identifies that the future implementation of industrial ecology opportunities requires strong and ongoing stakeholder involvement as described in this paper. 相似文献
198.
James T. Ketchum Alex Hearn A. Peter Klimley César Peñaherrera Eduardo Espinoza Sandra Bessudo Germán Soler Randall Arauz 《Marine Biology》2014,161(4):939-951
Marine top predators are common at offshore bathymetric features such as islands, atolls, and seamounts, where most pelagic reef fish reside, while certain sharks perform inter-island movements between these formations. Scalloped hammerhead sharks are known to school in great numbers at small islands and seamounts in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) and are very susceptible to fisheries while moving into the open sea. It is, therefore, essential to understand hammerhead inter-island movements and environmental effects to provide baseline information for their conservation and management within and beyond an insular marine protected area. Movements of scalloped hammerheads were analyzed in the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) and ETP, and environmental factors were linked to their movements. Hammerheads were tagged (N = 134) with V16 coded pingers (July 2006 to July 2010) in the northern Galapagos and detected at listening stations around four islands in the GMR and two isolated islands in the ETP, 700 and 1,200 km away. Hammerheads formed daytime schools at specific locations, but dispersed at night. Overall, more daytime than nighttime detections were recorded at all receivers in the northern Galapagos Islands, and more detections in the up-current sides of these islands. Hammerheads remained more days at the northern islands during part of the warm season (December–February) compared to the cool; however, fewer individuals were present in March–June. Movement modes were diel island excursions (24-h cycles) in the northern Galapagos and inter-island in the GMR and ETP at different scales: (1) short back-and-forth (<50 km, SBF), <5 days cycles, (2) medium distance (50–300 km, MDT), 5–20 days, and (3) long distance (>300 km, LDT), 15–52 days. The high degree of inter-island connectivity of hammerheads within the northern GMR is striking compared to the almost nil movement to the central GMR. A seasonal migratory pattern to locations offshore is indicated by (1) fewer hammerheads observed in the northern GMR during part of the warm season (March–June) and (2) evidence of LDT movements from the northern GMR to other islands in the ETP. LDT movements of mature female hammerheads are possibly associated with pupping areas. Our results indicate that currents, season, and individual behavior mainly drive inter-island movements of hammerheads at small (SBF) and medium (MDT) scales. These findings have important implications for the management of a highly mobile and endangered top predator within a marine protected area and beyond. 相似文献
199.
A cost-effective method was developed to map fire scars on Quicklooks of Landat TM imagery. The method was compared with a
full resolution Landsat image using visual interpretation and supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood procedure,
resulting in a high degree of agreement between methods. A long time series of fire scars was developed using all available
Landsat Quicklooks between 1989 and 2001 for an area of 63000 sq km in north-east Namibia.
Between 27 and 51% of the study area burned annually, while only 10% of the area did not burn between 1989 and 2001. Not-burned
areas were mainly settled areas and permanent wetlands. 33% of the area burned between 5 and 7 times during the 13 years indicating
a high frequency overall. Rainfall and livestock had little influence on burned areas.
In 1996 formal fire management started in a portion of the study area consisting of building firebreaks and holding awareness
programs. A comparison of burned areas before and after the intervention started allowed evaluating its effectiveness. The
area where the formal fire management program was undertaken showed a significant decrease in burned area. It is suggested
that awareness campaigns rather than firebreaks contributed to this decrease.
Selected tree population data were compared with fire frequencies. Differences in tree occurrence, regeneration, and stem
diameter distributions between low and high fire frequencies could be detected and explained with known responses of the species
to fire. This suggests that the observed time series is representative of a long-term fire regime in the area. 相似文献
200.
Peimer Alex W. Krzywicka Adrianna E. Cohen Dora B. Van den Bosch Kyle Buxton Valerie L. Stevenson Natalie A. Matthews Jeffrey W. 《Environmental management》2017,59(1):141-153
Environmental Management - Growing recognition of the importance of wetlands to human and ecosystem well-being has led countries worldwide to implement wetland protection policies. Different... 相似文献