全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6747篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 139篇 |
废物处理 | 277篇 |
环保管理 | 572篇 |
综合类 | 1000篇 |
基础理论 | 1410篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 1662篇 |
评价与监测 | 561篇 |
社会与环境 | 1178篇 |
灾害及防治 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 71篇 |
2021年 | 89篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 124篇 |
2017年 | 151篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 113篇 |
2014年 | 228篇 |
2013年 | 558篇 |
2012年 | 255篇 |
2011年 | 299篇 |
2010年 | 233篇 |
2009年 | 279篇 |
2008年 | 326篇 |
2007年 | 357篇 |
2006年 | 288篇 |
2005年 | 274篇 |
2004年 | 252篇 |
2003年 | 231篇 |
2002年 | 219篇 |
2001年 | 248篇 |
2000年 | 203篇 |
1999年 | 90篇 |
1998年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 81篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 37篇 |
1982年 | 46篇 |
1981年 | 36篇 |
1980年 | 44篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1975年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 33篇 |
1972年 | 39篇 |
1971年 | 30篇 |
1969年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有6832条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
E. S. Zakharov V. M. Safronov L. P. Koryakina N. N. Smetanin 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(4):392-398
The population of foxes in the central regions of Yakutia has grown by a factor of four to five during the period from 2000 to 2011–2012, following an increase in the abundance of voles from the genus Microtus. A total of 130 carcasses of foxes taken in 2007–2012 have been examined. Age- and sex-related variation in morphological features has been described. The demographic structure of the population has been studied by estimating animal age from annual layers in the recording structures. Changes in female fertility and involvement in reproduction depending on age and feeding conditions have been analyzed. Changes in the composition of fox diet caused by long-term population depression in the mountain hare and their effect on the dynamics of fox abundance have been revealed. Age- and sex-related characteristics of the condition factor in foxes and sex-related differences in their dietary preferences have been demonstrated. 相似文献
72.
I. V. Blinova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(3):234-240
The spatial structure of 10 populations of rare orchid species (Dactylorhiza incarnata, D. traunsteineri, Listera ovata) has been studied in rich fens sporadically occurring in Murmansk oblast. Two levels of plant aggregation within populations have been distinguished: (1) clusters of individuals and (2) isolated population subsets consisting of clusters. General spatial demographic features of orchid populations in the fens are small area (77 m2) and low ecological density (0.009 ind./m2). Characteristics of the population subsets (their number, area, composition, and distance to the neighboring subset) are species-specific and reflect the degree of species rarity in plant communities. 相似文献
73.
V. M. Emets 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(4):371-375
The role of ecotones with different (sharp or smooth) spatial boundaries between forest and meadow in ant biodiversity preservation was studied at the right-of-way of a power line in the Voronezh Reserve. The ecotone with a sharp boundary between forest and meadow (transitional zone 2 m wide) had higher species richness of ants compared to the ecotones (also 2 m wide) with smooth boundary between forest and meadow. 相似文献
74.
V. G. Tereshchenko D. S. Khrystenko G. O. Kotovska L. I. Tereshchenko 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(4):364-370
The probable source of stone moroko, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), populations in lake- and stream-type Dnieper reservoirs was revealed. The dynamics and specific growth rates of these populations over 20 years were analyzed. The dynamic phase portrait method was used to determine the timing of stages in the process of invader naturalization and the periods when its populations were in equilibrium. The potential growth rates of P. parva populations in the Kremenchug and Dneprodzerzhinsk reservoirs were estimated. 相似文献
75.
Patterns of expansion of geographical ranges of red deer and Siberian roe deer in Yakutia during the 20th century are considered. The area inhabited by red deer in Yakutia has increased almost fourfold over the past 50 years, with an expansion of over 200000 km2 toward the northwest. The geographical range of roe deer in the Lena–Amga interfluve has also changed considerably during the same period. Roe deer sightings in the subarctic zone were reported. The structure of geographical ranges of the species under investigation in different ecological and geographical regions of Yakutia is discussed, and the factors influencing the transformation of geographical range borders are characterized. 相似文献
76.
An analysis is made of the spatial variability of snowmelt water composition (within and between biogeocenoses), with regard to its long-term dynamics, in pine and spruce forests exposed to airborne industrial pollution from the Europe’s largest Severonikel Copper–Nickel Smelter Complex. Snowmelt waters from under the tree canopy, compared to those from intercrown areas, contain higher concentrations of chemical elements due to their washing and leaching from tree crowns. This is especially true of spruce forests, since the crowns of spruce trees have a high sorption capacity. Distinct trends in the long-term dynamics of snowmelt water composition, related to reduction of industrial emissions, are observed in background forest areas and defoliating forests but not in the vicinity of pollution sources. It is shown that the main factors determining these dynamics in forests of the Kola Peninsula are edificator tree species, airborne industrial pollution, and, possibly, an increase in the number of days with above-zero temperatures in the period of snow accumulation, which facilitates washing and leaching of chemical compounds from tree crowns. 相似文献
77.
A.J. Karabelas K.V. Plakas E.S. Solomou V. Drossou D.A. Sarigiannis 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1096-1107
The very significant impact of European legislation (Directive 91/414/EEC) on the authorization of plant protection products is reviewed herein, which has resulted in withdrawal of 704 active substances (AS) out of 889 assessed so far. The list of currently approved 276 AS includes 194 AS “existing” in the market before 1993 and 82 “new” AS introduced during the last 15 years. Results of toxicity characterization of the approved AS are also summarized, utilizing several well-known databases. Although significant data gaps exist for a rather large part of the approved AS, it is found that 84 AS are positive for at least one health effect (after chronic and/or acute exposure) including carcinogenicity, reproductive and neuro-developmental disorders, as well as endocrine disruption. The toxicity characterization results of this study are compared to those of recent assessments by other organizations (KemI, the Swedish Chemicals Agency, and the Pesticide Safety Directorate of the UK), where interpretation and use is made of AS “cut-off” criteria foreseen in new EU legislation. These studies report a comparatively smaller AS number with positive toxicity characterization. The possibility of some additional AS withdrawal in the near future, combined with the rather small rate of new AS introduction (approx. 5 per year) suggest that the list of approved AS over the next 10–15 years may not change very drastically. Consideration of the above trends is necessary and instructive in evaluating results of existing health impact assessment (HIA) studies, as well as in planning new ones. Due to the very drastic change in the number and type of marketed AS, that took place within the past 8–9 years, it is suggested that new HIA studies (based on epidemiological data after year 2000) should focus on a rather short time frame and, therefore, on appropriate cohort groups, e.g. young children. For the same reason, results of epidemiological studies of the past (involving banned AS) should be carefully interpreted and used with caution. 相似文献
78.
Plaza C Xing B Fernández JM Senesi N Polo A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):257-263
Binding of two model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene and pyrene, by humic acids (HAs) isolated from an organic substrate at different stages of composting and a soil was investigated using a batch fluorescence quenching method and the modified Freundlich model. With respect to soil HA, the organic substrate HA fractions were characterized by larger binding affinities for both phenanthrene and pyrene. Further, isotherm deviation from linearity was larger for soil HA than for organic substrate HAs, indicating a larger heterogeneity of binding sites in the former. The composting process decreased the binding affinity and increased the heterogeneity of binding sites of HAs. The changes undergone by the HA fraction during composting may be expected to contribute to facilitate microbial accessibility to PAHs. The results obtained also suggest that bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils with matured compost, rather than with fresh organic amendments, may result in faster and more effective cleanup. 相似文献
79.
Chester W. Spicer Michael W. Holdren Kenneth A. Cowen Darrell W. Joseph Jan Satola Bradley Goodwin Howard Mayfield Alexander Laskin M. Lizabeth Alexander John V. Ortega Matthew Newburn Robert Kagann Ram Hashmonay 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(16):2612-2622
Aircraft emissions affect air quality on scales from local to global. More than 20% of the jet fuel used in the U.S. is consumed by military aircraft, and emissions from this source are facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations, so improved methods for quickly and accurately determining emissions from existing and new engines are needed. This paper reports results of a study to advance the methods used for detailed characterization of military aircraft emissions, and provides emission factors for two aircraft: the F-15 fighter and the C-130 cargo plane. The measurements involved outdoor ground-level sampling downstream behind operational military aircraft. This permits rapid change-out of the aircraft so that engines can be tested quickly on operational aircraft. Measurements were made at throttle settings from idle to afterburner using a simple extractive probe in the dilute exhaust. Emission factors determined using this approach agree very well with those from the traditional method of extractive sampling at the exhaust exit. Emission factors are reported for CO2, CO, NO, NOx, and more than 60 hazardous and/or reactive organic gases. Particle size, mass and composition also were measured and are being reported separately. Comparison of the emissions of nine hazardous air pollutants from these two engines with emissions from nine other aircraft engines is discussed. 相似文献
80.
Cécile Coeur-Tourneur Alexandre Tomas Angélique Guilloteau Françoise Henry Frédéric Ledoux Nicolas Visez Véronique Riffault John C. Wenger Yuri Bedjanian 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(14):2360-2365
The formation of secondary organic aerosol from the gas-phase reaction of catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) with ozone has been studied in two smog chambers. Aerosol production was monitored using a scanning mobility particle sizer and loss of the precursor was determined by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy, whilst ozone concentrations were measured using a UV photometric analyzer. The overall organic aerosol yield (Y) was determined as the ratio of the suspended aerosol mass corrected for wall losses (Mo) to the total reacted catechol concentrations, assuming a particle density of 1.4 g cm?3. Analysis of the data clearly shows that Y is a strong function of Mo and that secondary organic aerosol formation can be expressed by a one-product gas–particle partitioning absorption model. The aerosol formation is affected by the initial catechol concentration, which leads to aerosol yields ranging from 17% to 86%. The results of this work are compared to similar studies reported in the literature. 相似文献