高瓦斯工作面隅角柔性气囊安全封堵研究

为解决高瓦斯工作面隅角封堵工人劳动强度大、效率低,封堵效果不佳易造成隅角瓦斯浓度超限等安全问题,研发设计了矿用阻燃内外胆组合结构的轻型柔性隅角封堵气囊,并相应提出了单体液压支柱配合轻型柔性气囊的隅角封堵新方法。通过实验室测试实验和现场工业性试验表明:选用PVC材料和双抗涂覆布材料的气囊质量小、轻便实用,大幅降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了工作效率,减小了传统封堵方式编织袋装碎煤造成的遗煤浪费;该气囊可适应大变形(变形率可达42.5%)、耐冲击(2×104J的冲击能量不破坏),抗撕扯能力强,且具有阻燃特性,重复使用率高,大大节约了隅角封堵的成本;使用气囊封堵后,采空区内瓦斯浓度显著增大,说明气囊封堵的密闭性增加,安全封堵效果十分明显。     

基于不同强度等级混凝土的动力学特性研究

基于TAW-2000D电液伺服岩石三轴仪和直径75 mm的霍普金森压杆试验装置,得到了C25,C35和C45混凝土在静、动载荷作用下的应力-应变曲线,探讨了混凝土强度等级、动态峰值强度、峰值应变和应变率之间的变化规律。结果表明:混凝土准静态应力-应变曲线和动态应力-应变曲线在形态上存在明显差异,动态应力-应变曲线的峰值点随应变率的增大向右上方移动,线弹性阶段各曲线斜率变化不明显;动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量和峰值应变均存在不同程度的率相关性,并且混凝土材料的应变率敏感性随其强度等级的提高而增强;混凝土C45的各力学指标对应变率的敏感性最强,C35次之,C25的应变率敏感性最弱;推导了应变率与强度等级和冲击速率之间的经验公式,三者之间存在非线性变化规律。     

Teams as boundaries: How intra‐team and inter‐team brokerage influence network changes in knowledge‐seeking networks

What role does an ego's brokerage location—within a team (intra‐team) or outside the team (inter‐team)—play in the evolution of an instrumental knowledge‐seeking network in terms of both proximal (i.e., within the team) and distal (i.e., outside the team) tie formation and tie decay? We address this question by drawing on literature about social networks, brokerage, and teams. We use temporally separated data from 302 students embedded in 97 teams to test our hypotheses about the impacts of intra‐team and inter‐team brokerage on proximal and distal network evolution, specifically on four network changes in knowledge‐seeking networks: proximal tie formation, proximal tie decay, distal tie formation, and distal tie decay. We find that these four changes depend on individual network brokerage location even after controlling for personality and task characteristics. Specifically, inter‐team brokers change their networks both within and outside their teams, whereas intra‐team brokers curtail their network changes. We argue that these opposite effects occur because inter‐team brokers have greater autonomy than intra‐team brokers. This study adds to the ongoing dialog about network evolution in social network literature and to the conversations about brokerage and its location in the context of team‐based work.     

On the subjective experience and correlates of downtime at work: A mixed‐method examination

In the current paper, we studied downtime at work. Downtime represents a unique aspect of work time, as employees have low workload and more discretion about their activities but are still paid to be at work. Despite its prevalence and potentially significant implications for productivity and well‐being, the experience of downtime has not been a focus in the literature. To study this phenomenon, we first used a qualitative method involving 15 focus groups. Results from 95 employees showed that downtime is distinct from formal breaks and withdrawal behavior and is generally a negative subjective experience. Categories of antecedents of experience and downtime activities were classified. Next, to further explore the phenomenon, and based on Study 1 and relevant literature, we proposed several hypotheses and tested them using an experience sampling method. Results from 86 employees (across 5 workdays and 689 data points) indicated that the amount of downtime was negatively related to day level job satisfaction, job performance, and subjective health. The duration of relaxation activities during downtime mitigated the negative effects of downtime on fatigue. The effects of enjoyment level of the activities, job autonomy, work engagement, and boredom proneness were also examined. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.     

水体表面微层的环境化学研究

水体表面微层是大气和水体间的界面，其物理、化学和生物特性可影响水体中各种物质的存在形式及最终归缩。本文总结了近几十年的参考文献，对表面微层的采样及各类物质的表面微层的行为做了系统的论述，指出了研究的难点和今后的发展方向。     

基于SPSS的苏北地区可持续发展能力空间分异研究

以区域可持续发展能力建设为切入点,结合苏北地区的实际,建立适合该地区的可持续发展能力评价指标体系,然后运用SPSS软件的因子分析和聚类分析的方法,对苏北地区可持续发展能力进行综合评价。结果表明,区内各县市可持续发展能力差异较大,但其空间分异呈现出某些特征:经济可持续发展能力呈现由地区东南部向中间递减的“一”字型空间格局;资源环境可持续发展能力呈现由地区中部分别向东、向西递减的“凸”字型空间格局;社会可持续发展能力呈“M”字型空间格局;综合可持续发展能力呈“H”字型空间格局;以中心城市为核心,可持续发展能力向周边呈辐射状递减趋势。根据这些空间分异特征,提出了一些促进苏北地区可持续发展能力建设的建议。     

Structure and function of the eversible glands of the aquatic firefly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luciola leii</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Summary. When attacked or otherwise disturbed, larvae of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii display fork-shaped glands laterally from the meso- and metathorax as well as each abdominal segment. Glandular eversion is accompanied by a strong pine oil-like odour, thanatosis and glowing from paired larval light organs. Observations by SEM and TEM revealed that there are numerous, almost spherical protuberances, measuring 9 μm in diameter on the surface of each gland. Each protuberance is connected to a well developed secretory cell via a 0.1 μm thick and 0.2 μm long stalk and bears three to six 7 μm long spines on its apex. The convoluted glandular walls measure 0.2 μm. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is characterized by the presence of numerous mitochondria and an extensive system of cisternae and tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary GC-MS analysis of the glandular secretion revealed two volatile terpenoids: terpinolene and γ-terpinene. Choice and no-choice bioassays involving fish and ants as well as other predators demonstrate that the secretions serve as an effective deterrent against a range of ecologically relevant enemies. The larval postural adjustments, light emission, everted glands, and glandular release of distasteful or repellent compounds, appear to function as a multi-modal, aposematic larval defence. The tandem evolution of glandular secretions and conspicuousness in larval fireflies could partially explain their successful radiation into both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.     

硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼(Poecilia reticulata)的毒性

主要研究了2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)和4-硝基甲苯(4-NT)两种硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼的急性毒性、亚急性毒性及联合毒性效应,旨在为渔业水质标准的制定与完善提供可靠的科学依据。研究表明,2,6-DNT的急性毒性大于4-NT,二者的96 h LC50值分别为(25.22±0.19)mg/L和(60.26±0.09)mg/L;亚急性毒性研究中,两种化合物的各种质量浓度在40天内,对试验动物的生长有不同程度的影响;应用Marking相加指数法评价二者的联合毒性,结果表明其联合毒性为协同。     

燃用甲醇燃料的发动机尾气排放

本文主要报导了在二冲程、四冲程汽油机及柴油机上燃用甲醇-汽油混合燃料、M_(100)甲醇燃料的发动机尾气排放方面所做的研究,并与燃用汽油、柴油的尾气排放进行了对照。结果表明,无论是甲醇-汽油混合燃料,还是M_(100)甲醇燃料尾气排放,都较汽油、柴油尾气排放的常规污染物,均有不同程度的减少。因此,应用甲醇燃料对改善环境是有益的。