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排序方式: 共有137条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
132.
Miriam H. Inoue Rubem S. Oliveira Jr Jamil Constantin Diego G. Alonso Cássio A. Tormena 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):757-763
This research was aimed at understanding the dynamics of the herbicides diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], imazapic [2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5-methylnicotinic acid] and isoxaflutole [5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methanesulfonyl-4-trifluoromethyl benzoyl)isoxazole] in two soils of different physico-chemical properties. To accomplish such intent, several greenhouse experiments were run. The bioavailability of diuron (0; 1.6 and 3.2 kg ha? 1), imazapic (0; 98 and 122.5 g ha? 1) and isoxaflutole (0; 35 and 70 g ha? 1) was measured in samples from a sandy loam soil and a clay soil, by sowing a bioindicator (Brachiaria decumbens), at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after herbicides application (DAA). Diuron was very stable in clay soil, providing control equal to or higher than 92% of bioindicator, up to 100 DAA, as assumed by biomass accumulation. No differential effect was observed in sandy loam soil, even when 2x labeled rate were applied. Imazapic provided a short bioavailability in relation to B. decumbens, independent of rates applied. The persistence of isoxaflutole was longer in clay soil (28 to 30 days). 相似文献
133.
This work presents the conclusions of a speciation study concerning Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in groundwater from ten wells in the alluvial aquifers of the Guadiamar river, affected by Aznalcollar mine tailing spill (April 1998). The sampling campaign took place in January 2000, almost two years after the mining accident. Four metal fractions were determined: labile metal forms, H+ exchangeable metal forms, strongly inert forms (associated with organic and inorganic matter in solution), and forms associated with suspended matter. Total metal concentration in groundwater followed the trend Cd < Pb < Cu < Zn. The speciation study showed that Zn and Cd were present to a great extent in available forms (labile and H+ exchangeable), while Pb and Cu were found mostly in the less available forms (strongly inert). These results can illustrate the potential value of the speciation tool for the follow-up of spill-induced pollution in the area. 相似文献
134.
Extractable soil heavy metals following the cessation of biosolids application to agricultural soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Walter I Martínez F Alonso L de GJ Cuevas G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,117(2):315-321
Changes in soil heavy metal extractability following the cessation of biosolids applications were studied in a long-term field experiment. Two anaerobically digested biosolids from wastewater treatment plants in Madrid (Sur and Viveros) were applied to cropland from 1983 to 1990. Soil samples were collected in the 1st, 5th and 9th year after the last biosolids application. Soil pH did not vary significantly after biosolids applications. Organic matter and total heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Cu) concentrations initially increased but then declined over time, mostly after the first 5 years following biosolids application. Metal extracted with DPTA increased in Sur treatments during the 1st year and diminished thereafter. However, in Viveros treatments, heavy metals extracted increased during the 1st year, declined in 1995, and showed a slight increase in 1999. These changes in heavy metal extractability were widely observed in the percentage of extractable metal recovery (EMR). The differences observed in the pattern of the two sources of biosolids applied could be due to the different rates of decomposition of their organic matter. 相似文献
135.
Modified Whittaker plots as an assessment and monitoring tool for vegetation in a lowland tropical rainforest 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Campbell P Comiskey J Alonso A Dallmeier F Nuñez P Beltran H Baldeon S Nauray W de la Colina R Acurio L Udvardy S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,76(1):19-41
Resource exploitation in lowland tropical forests is increasingand causing loss of biodiversity. Effective evaluation and management of the impacts of development on tropical forests requires appropriate assessment and monitoring tools. We proposethe use of 0.1-ha multi-scale, modified Whittaker plots (MWPs) to assess and monitor vegetation in lowland tropical rainforests.We established MWPs at 4 sites to: (1) describe and comparecomposition and structure of the sites using MWPs, (2) compare these results to those of 1-ha permanent vegetation plots (BDPs),and (3) evaluate the ability of MWPs to detect changes in populations (statistical power). We recorded more than 400 species at each site. Species composition among the sites was distinctive, while mean abundance and basal area was similar. Comparisons between MWPs and BDPs show that they record similarspecies composition and abundance and that both perform equallywell at detecting rare species. However, MWPs tend to record morespecies, and power analysis studies show that MWPs were more effective at detecting changes in the mean number of species of trees 10 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and in herbaceous plants. Ten MWPs were sufficient to detect a change of 11% in the mean number of herb species, and they were able to detect a 14% change in the mean number of species of trees 10 cm dbh. The value of MWPs for assessment and monitoringis discussed, along with recommendations for improving the sampling design to increase power. 相似文献
136.
Cheviron Nathalie Grondin Virginie Marrauld Christelle Poiroux Françoise Bertrand Isabelle Abadie Josiane Pandard Pascal Riah-Anglet Wassila Dubois Caroline Malý Stanislav Marques Catarina R. Asenjo Inmaculada Valverde Alonso Alejandro Díaz Domingo Marquina Mougin Christian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29348-29357
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evaluation of soil quality requires the use of robust methods to assess biologically based indicators. Among them, enzyme activities are used for... 相似文献
137.
Alonso J. Rodríguez Benítez César Álvarez Díaz Andrés García Gómez Javier García-Alba 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1227-1256
The present paper addresses defining the extent of the mixing zones of effluents discharged into rivers, which is a problem that should be analyzed based on probabilistic terms, as it is governed by several random processes. A river’s flow regime is one of the main variables, and it has a high dependence on hydrological processes. Additionally, after calculating the extent of the mixing zone, it is necessary to determine if the resulting dimensions are admissible or not. Common practice includes the admissibility criteria associated with the geometry of the river. However, this practice does not consider the environmental characteristics of the river that make it capable of absorbing the impact of the effluent (the biological and hydromorphological status of the river and the presence of structures that can change the river flow conditions, ecologically sensitive area or threatened species). This paper presents work on two important topics: on the one hand, the development of a methodology to establish the admissible extent of the mixing zone as a function of the environmental vulnerability of the river to the discharged effluent and, on the other hand, the proposal of a procedure to perform the calculations of the effluent mixing considering the variability of the river’s flow regime. The proposed methodological approaches are illustrated with an application to a real case, including a numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic and effluent evolution of the river during a year, to test the proposed methodology’s suitability and demonstrate the important savings in computational effort that can be achieved. 相似文献