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91.
K. Fatima A. Imran I. Amin Q. M. Khan M. Afzal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(7):6188-6196
Plants coupled with endophytic bacteria hold great potential for the remediation of polluted environment. The colonization patterns and activity of inoculated endophytes in rhizosphere and endosphere of host plant are among the primary factors that may influence the phytoremediation process. However, these colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the inoculated endophytes are in turn controlled by none other than the host plant itself. The present study aims to determine such an interaction specifically for plant-endophyte systems remediating crude oil-contaminated soil. A consortium (AP) of two oil-degrading endophytic bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BRRI54) was inoculated to two grasses, Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca, vegetated in crude oil-contaminated soil. Colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the endophytes were monitored in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the plants. Bacterial augmentation enhanced plant growth and crude oil degradation. Maximum crude oil degradation (78 %) was achieved with B. mutica plants inoculated with AP consortium. This degradation was significantly higher than those treatments, where plants and bacteria were used individually or L. fusca and endophytes were used in combination. Moreover, colonization and metabolic activity of the endophytes were higher in the rhizosphere and endosphere of B. mutica than L. fusca. The plant species affected not only colonization pattern and biofilm formation of the inoculated bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the host plant but also affected the expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB. Hence, the investigation revealed that plant species can affect colonization patterns and metabolic activity of inoculated endophytic bacteria and ultimately the phytoremediation process. 相似文献
92.
Efficient environmental management calls for the consideration of multiple pollutants, for which two main types of transferable discharge permit (TDP) program have been described: separate permits that manage each pollutant individually in separate markets, with each permit based on the quantity of the pollutant or its environmental effects, and weighted-sum permits that aggregate several pollutants as a single commodity to be traded in a single market. In this paper, we perform a mathematical analysis of TDP programs for multiple pollutants that jointly affect the environment (i.e., interactive pollutants) and demonstrate the practicality of this approach for cost-efficient maintenance of river water quality. For interactive pollutants, the relative weighting factors are functions of the water quality impacts, marginal damage function, and marginal treatment costs at optimality. We derive the optimal set of weighting factors required by this approach for important scenarios for multiple interactive pollutants and propose using an analytical elasticity of substitution function to estimate damage functions for these scenarios. We evaluate the applicability of this approach using a hypothetical example that considers two interactive pollutants. We compare the weighted-sum permit approach for interactive pollutants with individual permit systems and TDP programs for multiple additive pollutants. We conclude by discussing practical considerations and implementation issues that result from the application of weighted-sum permit programs. 相似文献
93.
How to Quantify Sustainable Development: A Risk-Based Approach to Water Quality Management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since the term was coined in the Brundtland report in 1987, the issue of sustainable development has been challenged in terms
of quantification. Different policy options may lend themselves more or less to the underlying principles of sustainability,
but no analytical tools are available for a more in-depth assessment of the degree of sustainability. Overall, there are two
major schools of thought employing the sustainability concept in managerial decisions: those of measuring and those of monitoring.
Measurement of relative sustainability is the key issue in bridging the gap between theory and practice of sustainability
of water resources systems. The objective of this study is to develop a practical tool for quantifying and assessing the degree
of relative sustainability of water quality systems based on risk-based indicators, including reliability, resilience, and
vulnerability.
Current work on the Karoun River, the largest river in Iran, has included the development of an integrated model consisting
of two main parts: a water quality simulation subroutine to evaluate Dissolved Oxygen Biological Oxygen Demand (DO-BOD) response,
and an estimation of risk-based indicators subroutine via the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) and Monte Carlo Simulation
(MCS). We also developed a simple waste load allocation model via Least Cost and Uniform Treatment approaches in order to
consider the optimal point of pollutants control costs given a desired reliability value which addresses DO in two different
targets.
The Risk-based approach developed herein, particularly via the FORM technique, appears to be an appropriately efficient tool
for estimating the relative sustainability. Moreover, our results in the Karoun system indicate that significant changes in
sustainability values are possible through dedicating money for treatment and strict pollution controls while simultaneously
requiring a technical advance along change in current attitudes for environment protection. 相似文献
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97.
Mohamad Nurzia Mazlan Mazween Mohamad Tawakkal Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Talib Rosnita A. Kian Lau Kia Jawaid Mohammad 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):585-596
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The development of active packaging for food applications have been increasingly favorable in publicity, industry, and research field, by attributing to... 相似文献
98.
Mohammad-Reza Zare Mohammad Mehdi Amin Saeedeh Hemmati-Borji Mahnaz Nikaeen Seyed Hamed Mirhosseini 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(5):552-562
In this study, a traditional assay was modified to evaluate the effect of Hg, Cd, and Zn on the bacterial community of a sequencing batch reactor and activated sludge plants and heavy metal-resistant bacterial species were determined. After the isolation of metal-resistant bacteria, their 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced. The BLAST program was used to compare the resulting 16S rRNA sequences with those in GenBank database to identify the isolated bacterial species. Hg was found to be the most toxic metal for both bacterial communities investigated. Sequence batch reactor bacteria were comparatively more resistant to Hg, Cd, and Zn than those from activated sludge. The resistant strains were close to the members of genus Pseudomonas, Kocuria, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. The modified dehydrogenase enzyme assay seems to be simple, robust, and competent for evaluation of the impact of metals on bacterial activity. Sequencing batch reactor systems should be preferred over activated sludge when wastewaters containing hazardous metals are to be treated. 相似文献
99.
CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission and economic growth of Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amin Yousefi-Sahzabi Kyuro Sasaki Hossein Yousefi Yuichi Sugai 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(1):63-82
This research investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Iran over 14 years from 1994 to 2007 using a national panel data set. The statistical and
emission intensity methodologies are used for analyzing the data series. The study finds evidence supporting parameters which
conclude the stability of significant correlation between CO2 emission and economic development over time during the years under investigation in Iran. This relationship is investigated
and discussed for the energy sectors of the country as well. The results confirm that in all sectors except of agricultural,
there is a positive strong correlation between CO2 emission and economic growth throughout the study period. In most sectors, CO2 emission intensity (the emission per unit of GDP) doesn’t show increasing trends while the absolute emission is rapidly increasing
by the economic growth. 相似文献
100.
Al-Masri MS Al-Akel B Nashawani A Amin Y Khalifa KH Al-Ain F 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(2):322-331
Transfer factors of (40)K, (238)U, (210)Pb, and (210)Po from soil to some agriculture crops in various locations in south of Syria (Dara'a and Assuwaydaa districts) have been determined. Soil and vegetable crops (green pepper, cucumber, tomato, and eggplant), legumes crops (lentil, chickpea, and broad bean), fruit trees (apple, grape, and olives) and cereals (barley and wheat) were collected and analyzed for (238)U, (210)Pb, and (210)Po. The results have shown that higher transfer factors (calculated as Bqkg(-1) dry wt. plant material per Bqkg(-1) dry wt. soil) for (210)Po, (210)Pb and (238)U were observed in vegetable leaves than fruits and cereals leaves; the highest values of transfer factor (TF) for (238)U were found to be 0.1 for straw of chickpea. Transfer factors for (210)Po varied between 2.8x10(-2) and 2 in fruits of eggplant and grain of barley, respectively. In addition, several parameters affecting transfer factors of the radionuclides were evaluated. The results can be considered as base values for TF of natural radionuclides in the region. 相似文献