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61.
Amir González-Delgado Manoj K. Shukl David W. DuBois Juan P. Flores-Márgez Joel A. Hernández Escamill Evangelina Olivas 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):207-216
Particulate matter(PM) emissions from various sources can affect significantly human health and environmental quality especially in the Chihuahuan Desert region along US–Mexico border. The objective of this study was to use the low-cost sticky tape method to collect airborne PM for size characterization and identification of fungal spores. Sticky tape samplers were placed at 1.0 and 2.0 m above the ground surface at experimental sites in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico and at 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m at New Mexico sites, USA. Soil samples were collected in both countries to determine fungal diversity, texture and moisture content Dust particles collected from all of the experimental sites had a dominant texture of clay( 0.002 mm). The dominant textures identified from soil samples collected from the US and Mexican sites were loam and sandy clay loam, respectively. Alternaria, Penicillium and Fusarium were frequently found funguses in the US sites while Alternaria and Aspergillus were commonly observed in the Mexican sites. The sticky tapes also showed a similar diversity of fungal microorganisms present in the airborne PM at both Mexico and US sites Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus were the three groups of airborne fungal microorganisms consistently present in the US and Mexican sites. The low-cost sticky tape method has the potential to be used for characterizing different airborne microorganisms and dust particles. 相似文献
62.
Almerindo D. Ferreira Amir Farimani Antonio C. M. Sousa 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(2):167-181
Erosion is a common phenomenon in nature, and it may cause a wide range of problems such as air pollution, and destruction
of agricultural land, shelters and stockpiles. The present work deals with stockpiles, which have their profiles described
by a sinus function or by similar trigonometric functions. Analysis of the erosion by air flow over these piles will provide
for further understanding of the erosion underlying mechanisms and, moreover, how to control them and eventually to prevent
them. To this purpose, different experimental tests are conducted for a pile with a sinuous profile, and particular attention
is given to the time development of the profile due to the erosion process; the effect of the air velocity is also studied
by selecting different velocities. In addition, the flow over several deformed piles is numerically predicted using the CFX
software; the results clearly show the erosion process is strongly dependent upon time, velocity field and surface disturbances.
A correlation between the erosion rate and the velocity is proposed. 相似文献
63.
Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, Bangladesh 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
64.
Mohammad Khandan Maryam Maghsoudipour Shahram Vosoughi Amir Kavousi 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):523-530
One of the most important ways to prevent accidents is to consider safety climate or culture. Moreover, some studies suggest that behavior contributes to 86%-96% of all injuries. This cross-sectional study took place in an Iranian petrochemical company in 2010. Vinodkumar and Bhasi’s safety climate questionnaire and an ergonomic behavior sampling checklist were the data collection tools. Cronbach’s a for questionnaire reliability was .928. With reference to the results of a pilot study, a sample of 1755 was determined for behavior sampling. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to derive the coefficient of paths in the path model and the Anderson-Rabin method to calculate factor scores. The results showed that safety climate was an effective predictor of ergonomic behavior (p < .01). They also showed the importance of decreasing the number of workers with negative safety climate. Moreover, it is necessary to promote workers’ ergonomic behaviors in the workplace. 相似文献
65.
Vahid Mohasseli Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh Hossein Shariatmadari 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):17985-17992
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m?3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L?1) as foliar spray. Plants were exposed to SO2 for 6 weeks in 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers. Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. This might be due to reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe. 相似文献
66.
Azari Prisa Bostani Abdol Amir 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20438-20445
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Different methods, including the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI), have been used to treat arsenic (As)-contaminated environments, with much... 相似文献
67.
Hass A Gonzalez JM Lima IM Godwin HW Halvorson JJ Boyer DG 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1096-1106
Acid weathered soils often require lime and fertilizer application to overcome nutrient deficiencies and metal toxicity to increase soil productivity. Slow-pyrolysis chicken manure biochars, produced at 350 and 700°C with and without subsequent steam activation, were evaluated in an incubation study as soil amendments for a representative acid and highly weathered soil from Appalachia. Biochars were mixed at 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg into a Gilpin soil (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber for 8 wk, along with a nonamended control and soil amended with agronomic dolomitic lime (AgLime). At the end of the incubation, soil pH, nutrient availability (by Mehlich-3 and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [AB-DTPA] extractions), and soil leachate composition were evaluated. Biochar effect on soil pH was process- and rate-dependent. Biochar increased soil pH from 4.8 to 6.6 at the high application rate (40 g kg), but was less effective than AgLime. Biochar produced at 350°C without activation had the least effect on soil pH. Biochar increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable micro- and macronutrients. On the basis of unit element applied, increase in pyrolysis temperature and biochar activation decreased availability of K, P, and S compared to nonactivated biochar produced at 350°C. Activated biochars reduced AB-DTPA extractable Al and Cd more than AgLime. Biochar did not increase NO in leachate, but increased dissolved organic carbon, total N and P, PO, SO, and K at high application rate (40 g kg). Risks of elevated levels of dissolved P may limit chicken manure biochar application rate. Applied at low rates, these biochars provide added nutritional value with low adverse impact on leachate composition. 相似文献
68.
Peyman Amir Nazmi Afshar Mehdy Gooya Seyed Vahid Hosseini 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(11):868-877
The study deals with the design and optimization of external and internal geometry of micro-wind turbines blades. A specified objective function which consists of the power coefficient and the starting time was defined and the genetic algorithm optimization technique in conjunction with the blade-element momentum theory was adopted to find the geometry of the blades including the distributions of the chord, the twist angle and also the shell thickness. Moreover, the allowable stress of the blades was considered as a constraint to the objective function. Results show that a reasonable compromise is achievable such that the starting time of the blades reduces noticeably in return for a small drop in the power coefficient. The significant improvement of the hollow blades over the solid ones indicates that the power coefficient and the starting performance could be improved through the appropriate distributions of the considered decision variables, i.e. the chord, the twist angle and also the shell thickness. 相似文献
69.
Enhanced Cd concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain produced on saline soils of central Iran have been recently reported. Because wheat bread is a major dietary component for the Iranian people, practical approaches to decrease Cd concentration in wheat grain were investigated. This study investigated the influence of sunflower-wheat vs. cotton-wheat rotations on extractable Cd and on Cd uptake by wheat in these salt-affected soils. Two fields with different levels of Cd contamination (1.5 and 3.2 mg total Cd kg(-1) dry soil) were cropped with different rotations (cotton-wheat and sunflower-wheat) in Qom province, central Iran. Seeds of cotton (Gossypium L.) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Record) were planted in plots. After harvesting of the plants and removal of crop residues, wheat (cv. Rushan) was seeded in all plots. For both studied soils, the concentrations of Cd extracted by 0.04 M EDTA and 1 M CaCl(2) were significantly (P < or = 0.05) greater after cotton than after sunflower. Accordingly, the total amount of Cd in sunflower shoot was significantly (P < or = 0.05) greater than in the cotton shoot. Shoot Cd content in wheat plants grown after cotton and sunflower were significantly different; wheat shoots after cotton accumulated more Cd (two to four times) than after sunflower. Wheat grain Cd concentration after sunflower was much lower (more than seven times) than after cotton. The results of this study showed that sunflower in rotation with wheat in salt-affected soils of central Iran significantly reduced the risk of Cd transfer to wheat grain. 相似文献
70.
Kassaei Farshid Ghodsi Amirhosein Jadidi Amir Mohammad Valipour Mohammad Sadegh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):73842-73855
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Solar chimneys are among relatively modern mechanisms in the field of renewable energy which can be employed for power generation or indoor... 相似文献