炼油厂碱渣废水的处理研究

本文着重研究大孔吸附树脂对炼油厂碱渣处理后含酚废水的处理情况，实验表明，此种树脂吸附量大，酚去除率达９５％以上，ＣＯＤ去除率达６０％以上。     

Bimetallic nickel molybdate supported Pt catalyst for efficient removal of formaldehyde at low temperature

Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO_4,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO_4) for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic activity of the samples.The catalyst prepared with hydrothermal temperature of 150℃ for 4 hr(Pt-150-4) exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability mainly due to its distinctly porous structure,relative abundance of adsorbed surface hydroxyls/water,and high oxidation ability,which resulted from the interaction of Pt with Ni and Mo of the bimetallic NiMoO_4 support.Our results might shed light on the rational design of multifunctional catalysts for removal of indoor air pollutants at low ambient temperature.     

Preliminary investigation on cytotoxicity of fluorinated polymer nanoparticles

As well-known persistent organic pollutants(POPs), organofluorine pollutants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) have been proven to be bioaccumulated and harmful to health. However, toxicological assessment of organofluorinated nanoparticles, which have emerged as a novel tool for biomedical and industrial applications, is lacking, to the best of our knowledge. To assess the biological effects and health risk of fluorinated nanoparticles,trifluoroethyl aryl ether-based fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles(PTFEPMMA NPs) were synthesized with various fluorine contents(PTFE-PMMA-1 NPs 12.0 wt.%,PTFE-PMMA-2 NPs 6.1 wt.% and PTFE-PMMA-3 NPs 5.0 wt.%), and their cytotoxicity was investigated in this study. The in vitro experimental results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs was mild, and was closely related to their fluorine(F) contents and Fcontaining side chains. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs decreased with increasing F content and F-containing side chains. After exposure to PTFE-PMMA NPs at a sublethal dose(50 μg/m L) for 24 hr, the phospholipid bilayer was damaged, accompanied by increasing permeability of the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred, resulting in the increase of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, the PTFE-PMMA NPs were found to be relatively safe compared with typical engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide, for biomedical and industrial applications.     

Phosphine production in anaerobic wastewater treatment under tetracycline antibiotic pressure

The influence of tetracycline(TC) antibiotics on phosphine(PH_3) production in the anaerobic wastewater treatment was studied. A lab-scale anaerobic baffled reactor with three compartments was employed to simulate this process. The reactor was operated in a TC-absence wastewater and 250 μg/L TC-presence wastewater for three months after a start-up period,respectively. The responses of p H, oxidation–reduction potential(ORP), chemical oxygen demand(COD), total phosphorus(TP), enzymes activity(dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase),and microbial community were investigated to reveal the effect of TC on PH_3 production.Results suggested that the dehydrogenase(DH) activity, acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and COD have positive relationship with PH_3 production, while p H, ORP level and the TP in liquid phase have negative relationship with PH_3 production. With prolonged TC exposure, decrease in p H and increase in DH activity are beneficial to PH_3 production, while decrease in COD and ACP activity are not the limiting factors for PH_3 production.     

Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of the Jialu River and adjacent groundwater using human-hamster hybrid cells

The Jialu River in China has been seriously polluted by the direct discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. The predominant contaminants of the Jialu River and its adjacent groundwater were recently investigated. However, the potential genotoxic impact of polluted water on human health remains to be clarified. Here, we used human–hamster hybrid(A_L) cells, which are sensitive for detecting environmental mutagens. We found that the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the groundwater in the Jialu River basin were influenced by the infiltration of the Jialu River. Hydrological periods significantly affected the cytotoxicity, but not the mutagenic potential, of surface and groundwater. Further, the mutagenic potential of groundwater samples located 1 km from the Jialu River(S_(M-2) water samples) was detected earlier than that of groundwater samples located approximately 20 km from the Jialu River(S_N water samples). Because of high cytotoxicity, the mutagenic potential of water samples from the Jialu River(S_(M-1) water samples) was not significantly enhanced compared with that of untreated controls. To further assess the mutagenic dispersion potential, an artificial neural network model was adopted. The results showed that the highest mutagenic potential of groundwater was observed approximately 10 km from the Jialu River. Although further investigation of mutagenic spatial dispersion is required, our data are significant for advancing our understanding of the origin, dispersion,and biological effects of water samples from polluted areas.     

基于脱氧核酶的水中铀酰离子光纤倏逝波生物传感检测技术研究

为了满足铀的高通量快速筛查及环境突发事件快速检测的需要,本研究利用脱氧核酶的特异性催化反应,结合本课题组自主研制开发的倏逝波光纤生物传感器,通过设计两步法的反应策略,即"均相反应,固相杂交"的检测方案,建立了光纤倏逝波生物传感检测铀酰离子的新型技术方法.结果发现,该方法对于5~100 nmol·L~(-1)内的铀酰离子具有良好的线性检测区间,检测限低至0.5 nmol·L~(-1),整个检测过程仅需16 min即可完成,铅和汞等10种金属离子对于本检测方法无明显干扰,表现出了对铀酰离子的良好选择性.传感光纤可重复使用100次以上,不会有信号的明显衰减,可有效降低检测成本.对丹江口水库水进行的实际水样加标回收实验结果显示,丹江口水库实际水样的加标回收率为91.6%~94.6%.本研究可为利用生物传感器法检测环境水体中的铀酰离子提供技术支撑.     

广西钦州湾近岸海域“十一·五”期间营养盐变化趋势分析及污染控制重点

通过2006年-2010年N、P、Si数据分析广西钦州湾海域N、P、Si的变化趋势、富营养化状况以及限制因子。分析表明:钦州外湾DIN、DIP、SiO3-Si含量呈波浪形变化并有所下降,钦州外湾2006年-2010年均为贫营养,外湾海水水质良好。茅尾海DIN值含量较高,海域受到N的影响。茅尾海2006年-2010年为轻度～中度富营养。茅尾海属于磷中等限制富营养,磷酸盐仅表现为相对不足,仍然有爆发赤潮的危险。控制茅尾海富营养化的关键在于控制磷的入海量。     

试论宗教禁忌与海外石油石化项目HSSE管理

分析了中国石油石化海外项目所在地区宗教禁忌,总结海外项目HSSE管理的经验,对可能遇到的宗教禁忌冲突提出对策。     

应急管理的机理体系

1 应急管理的主体与客体 　　突发事件应急管理是管理主体对突发事件的介入和应对行动.因此,我们首先需要对应急管理中的突发事件和管理者这两个因素进行全面的研究分析,把它作为研究突发事件应急管理的起点,从而明确突发事件的发生、发展及演化等机理,并根据事件机理和环境来确定应急处置重点.……     

Enzymatic production of biosilica glass using enzymes from sponges: basic aspects and application in nanobiotechnology (material sciences and medicine)

Biomineralization, biosilicification in particular (i.e. the formation of biogenic silica, SiO₂), has become an exciting source of inspiration for the development of novel bionic approaches following “nature as model”. Siliceous sponges are unique among silica forming organisms in their ability to catalyze silica formation using a specific enzyme termed silicatein. In this study, we review the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated “biosilica” formation in marine sponges, the involvement of further molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in nanobiotechnology and medicine. Werner E. G. Müller dedicated this study to Prof. Vera Gamulin (Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia) in honour of her unique contributions in molecular evolution.