鸡粪/木屑强制通风堆肥的研究

在鸡粪与木屑的体积配比为3:2的情况下,采用强制通风堆肥工艺考察了堆肥产品的物理化学特征和生物学特征的变化。研究结果表明,堆肥的第2天就达到高温阶段(≥55℃)并能保持5d以上,局部温度达71℃,大肠杆菌由最初时的2.8×1010CFU/g降到试验结束时的1.8×102CFU/g。堆体温度的变化引起了细菌、真菌和放线菌数量发生变化。堆肥过程中有机质、C/N比、含水率、NH4+-N明显下降,而NO3——N的含量成上升趋势。pH在第1周内升高8.45,随后逐渐降低到7.22。在第43天堆肥产品的水芹种子发芽指数达到了92.2%,堆肥产品已经达到腐熟。     

四川省农业生态经济系统的能值分析研究

结合四川省区域的实际情况,运用H．TOdum的能值分析方法对四川省农业生态经济系统进行分析。定义了人均农产品能值年占有量（AEPC）的概念。研究表明四川省人均农产品能值占有量持续增加,本地可更新农产品的增长主要靠畜牧业的增长,农业增产“石油化”现象严重。建议：调整农业内部结构,保持种植业稳步发展,大力发展养殖业。充分开发四川农村的劳动力资源,进一步加大劳务输出;充分发挥四川省的水电优势,加大农业的科技含量,发展高能值品位农产品,从而增强四川省农业的发展竞争力,促进农业生态环境的可持续发展。     

城市水循环经济发展思路及体系构建

随着城市水循环经济性差、水资源供需失衡以及由此引发的水生态环境恶化等一系列问题的出现。迫切需要加强在城市水资源调控管理及水循环经济发展模式方面的探索与研究。在水资源紧缺、城市发展规模扩大的新形势下,运用可持续发展理论,从分析城市水循环经济的内涵入手,评述研究区水资源循环利用发展现状及存在的问题,提出解决思路并对城市水循环经济发展体系构建模式及保障途径进行探讨。     

从原油储罐破裂事故谈原油储罐完整性的控制

在介绍储罐泄漏类型与泄漏危害的基础上,以原油储罐破裂事故为例,分析了储罐破裂的原因,进而阐述了原油储罐生命周期内完整性的控制。     

硝化菌群强化修复氨氮污染河流水体研究

利用已筛选的硝化菌群分别以游离菌和生物膜两种方式对成都市南干堰氨氮污染水体进行生物强化修复初步研究.结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度为23.91～24.27mg·L-1,在25℃、150r·min-1条件下,投加游离菌群36h后,氨氮去除率达95%,而在不添加游离菌的对照中,氨氮浓度没有下降.采用生物膜法,室温条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为8.00～18.38mg·L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)2～4h时,出水氨氮浓度为0～1.11mg·L-1,氨氧化负荷最高可达0.139kg·m-3·d-1(以N计,下同),氨氮去除率达90%以上;;当进水氨氮浓度为7.84～14.62mg·L-1,HRT为0·5～1.0h时,修复后出水氨氮浓度为1.90～7.47mg·L-1,氨氧化负荷最高可达0.261kg·m-3·d-1;;当进水氨氮浓度稀释到3mg·L-1左右,氨氮可完全被去除,修复后水体几乎没有亚硝酸盐残留.采用PCR-DGGE分析生物膜上的微生物菌群,发现生物膜中不仅有硝化菌群生长,还包括其它与氮转化相关微生物菌群.该实验结果表明,运用硝化菌群进行氨氮污染水体强化修复具有显著的效果,实际应用中可根据污染水体氨氮浓度以及氨氧化负...     

气浮+A/O组合工艺处理汽车机械加工废水

汽车机械加工废水舍有大量的乳化油和喷漆过程中产生的难降解物质,有机物成分复杂,浓度较高,具有一定的毒性.采用气浮+A/O组合工艺处理汽车机械加工废水,当进水CODCr质量浓度为1 200 mg/L左右时,其出水可小于150mg/L,出水水质达到GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>二级标准.实践证明,改工艺运行稳定可靠,污泥产量少,可操作行强,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益.     

重型柴油车实际道路油耗与排放模拟及其应用研究

基于实际行驶状态下重型车动力需求和传动系统变化规律,建立了重型柴油车整车的瞬态油耗和排放模拟方法,可实现整车发动机工况及油耗与排放的实时模拟.为验证模型的有效性,利用重型车车载排放测试手段,以柴油公交车为研究案例,模拟并验证了车辆在实际运营线路上的油耗与排放水平.公交车综合线路实测百公里油耗为16.38L,NOx、CO和THC排放因子分别为4.44、3.35、1.96g·km-1,模拟结果与实测值基本吻合,其油耗与排放因子与实测值之比均在1.06倍左右.模拟结果显示,实测公交车怠速、NOx控制区及其它区域工况点分别占32.6%、7.1%和60.4%,增加10t负载或提高1.5倍车速可使发动机负荷利用率上升,控制区比例上升至18.4%和18.8%,同时增加负载和提高车速,控制区工况可提高至33.9%.相应地,增加负载或提高车速情景分别使车辆油耗与排放上升至1.5～1.7倍和1.6～1.8倍,同时增加负载和提高车速,油耗与排放可增至2.5倍～3.0倍,控制区油耗与排放比例均有大幅度上升.总体上,该模型方法可以为评价和研究重型柴油车在实际道路上的能耗及其排放状况提供新的模拟方法和分析手段.     

Nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system

The ecological floating bed system is a natural alternative to technical methods of wastewater treatment and involves complex processes induced by plants or microorganisms in the wastewater. This study aimed to identify nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system. Results showed that the third-order polynomial equation was suitable to describe pollutant concentration changes, showing that the effect of O. javanica ecological floating bed system on polluted water could be divided into the purification phase and decay phase. During the purification phase, nutrient concentrations rapidly decreased because O. javanica influenced water microbial communities and water physical parameters (i.e., dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature), and had a direct uptake of nutrients. However, during the decay phase, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the plant tissues decreased, and these lost nutrients ultimately transferred to water and led to water quality deterioration. Results also showed that the uptake and storage of O. javanica in nutrients were temporary and the plant served only as media of the nutrients removed from the water. Under these circumstances, harvesting was an appropriate intervention to improve the treatment efficiency of O. javanica ecological floating bed system.     

广东省揭西金坑铜锡铅锌矿区矿床地质特征与远景预测

广东省揭西金坑矿区目前已初步查明的(333+334) 级矿石量为2245464.8吨,其中金属量Cu:17596.7吨、Sn:5945.3吨、Pb:31536.9吨、Zn:58095.2吨.矿区主要矿体为脉状,均受滑动破碎构造带控制,总体上可分为两种类型:一类分布于灰白色花岗闪长斑岩中,在空间分布上受滑动破碎构造带控制,矿体顶底板为片理化带,蚀变强,呈脉状、透镜状产于花岗闪长斑岩体内的片理化带所产生的滑动破碎带中.另一类则产于石英片岩、粉砂岩、炭质泥岩层间滑动破碎构造带中,主要由多个连续的或间断的扁豆状、透镜体状的矿脉组成.矿体赋存严格受岩层控制,矿脉与围岩界线清楚.本文旨在通过对矿体特征、成矿机理的深入分析,为矿区为进一步扩大资源量提供理论上的启示.     

Effect of organic carbon on nitrification e ciency and community composition of nitrifying biofilms

The effects of organic carbon/inorganic nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the nitrification processes and the community shifts of nitrifying biofilms were investigated by kinetic comparison and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results showed that the nitrification rate decreased with an increasing organic concentration. However, the effect became weak when the carbon concentration reached sufficiently high level. Denitrification was detected after organic carbon was added. The 12 h ammonium removal rate ranged from 85% to 30% at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 compare to control (C/N = 0). The loss of nitrogen at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, (8 and 16 was 31%, 18%, 24%, 65%, 59% and 62% respectively, after 24 h. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the dominant populations changed from nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp.) to denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Acidovorax sp. and Comamonas sp.) with C/N ratio increase. Although at high C/N ratio the denitrifying bacteria were the dominant populations, nitrifying bacteria grew simultaneously. Conrrespondingly, nitrification process coexisted with denitrification.