不同方式污水排海对海水水质的影响

污水排海主要有岸边直排和深海排放两种方式，本文以深圳下沙海域为例，采用数值模拟的方法，对污水岸边排放和在500m及1000m不同距离的深海排放进行了计算和分析，结果表明，在一般水动力条件下，污水排放距岸越远，对海水水质的影响越水，岸边直排以近岸海域影响最大。     

石化装置火灾扑救初探

结合石化企业火灾的特点,阐述了石化装置中塔釜容器类、加热炉、框架区、油罐、液化气储罐等典型火灾扑救的安全要点。     

环保修井作业配套技术研究

以吉林油田为例,对油水井修井过程中产生的污染源进行查找分析。针对井下作业工序多,工况复杂的特点,分析了修井作业施工过程的污染源,对污染源采取有效的清洁生产新工艺、新设备,在地面污染防治方面取得了较好的效果。该项技术在减少原油落地损失、降低劳动强度、改善工作环境以及节能等方面取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

Synergistic impacts of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on summer surface O3 in East Asia

A factor separation technique and an improved regional air quality model (RAQM) were applied to calculate synergistic contributions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs),biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to daily maximum surface O3(O3DM) concentrations in East Asia in summer (June to August 2000).The summer averaged synergistic impacts of AVOCs and NOx are dominant in most areas of North China,with a maximum of 60 ppbv,while those of BVOCs and NOx are notable only in some limited areas with high BVOC emissions in South China,with a maximum of 25 ppbv.This result implies that BVOCs contribute much less to summer averaged O3DM concentrations than AVOCs in most areas of East Asia at a coarse spatial resolution (1×1) although global emissions of BVOCs are much greater than those of AVOCs.Daily maximum total contributions of BVOCs can approach 20 ppbv in North China,but they can reach 40 ppbv in South China,approaching or exceeding those in some developed countries in Europe and North America.BVOC emissions in such special areas should be considered when O3 control measures are taken.Synergistic contributions among AVOCs,BVOCs and NOx significantly enhance O3 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and decrease them in some areas in South China.Thus,the total contributions of BVOCs to O3DM vary significantly from day to day and from location to location.This result suggests that O3 control measures obtained from episodic studies could be limited for long-term applications.     

Destruction of 4-phenolsulfonic acid in water by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

Destruction of 4-phenolsulfonic acid (4-PSA) in water was carried out using anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis. Accompanying the decay of 4-PSA, the amount of total organic carbon (TOC) in water correspondingly decreased, while the sulfonate group of 4- PSA was released as sulfate ion. Oxalate and formate were obtained as minor by-products. Additionally, phenol, 1,4-hydroquinone, hydroxyquinol and 1,4-benzoquinone were detected as primary intermediates in the initial stages of decomposition of 4-PSA. A reaction pathway involving successive attacks of hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals was assumed on the basis of the observed products and kinetics. It was revealed that the decay of both 4-PSA and TOC obeyed a first-order rate law. The effects of different Fe ions and initial concentrations of 4-PSA on the degradation rate were investigated. It was found that the presence of Fe ions could increase the degradation rate of 4-PSA, while initial concentrations lower than 80 mmol/L had no significant effect on kinetic behaviour. The disappearance rate of 4-PSA was significantly affected by pH.     

赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏固化铜污染土性能

为了研究在浸泡条件下赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏3种固废物混合料对铜污染土的固化效果,本文对其混合料固化土的无侧限抗压强度、应力-应变、重金属形态、浸出毒性及微观结构进行了检测.结果表明,固化土强度随养护龄期的增加而增大,且掺加固废物对其强度有明显改善作用.混合料固化土中铜的存在形式以铁锰氧化态为主,其浸出毒性随龄期增加而降低,且其浓度值均低于水泥固化土.此外,混合料固化土中水化产物以水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙和钙矾石为代表.水化产物对固化土内部结构起填充作用,可改善固化土强度.同时,水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙对铜离子有吸附作用,钙矾石可与铜离子发生阳离子置换作用.因此,固废物的添加可对铜离子产生固化作用.     

社会技术系统视角下企业生产安全事故突变机理研究

基于社会技术系统理论,将事故成因要素分为社会干预和技术控制两方面,并结合突变理论构建企业安全生产系统的尖点突变模型,分析事故可能发生的突变点及演变路径,为事故防控提供有针对性的决策依据。     

Surfer软件在半封闭海湾环境质量综合评价中的应用研究

在介绍Surfer软件的基本原理的基础上,结合2012年胶州湾39个监测点位的水质数据,说明利用Surfer软件制作主要污染物等值线分布图及水质类别分布图的主要步骤,对水质分布类别和点位水质类别的一致性以及其中需注意的问题进行了探讨。利用Surfer软件制作半封闭海域的环境质量专题图件,水质分布情况更为明晰,可以为环境质量综合评价提供有效依据。     

TOC分析仪在化学有机污染物中的监测与应用

将等分的环境水样分别注射到总有机碳分析仪中的TC和IC反应管内,在高温炉900℃和低温炉150℃的工作条件下使其充分氧化为CO2和H2O后,将生成的CO2分别导入非分散红外检测器中,测定出总碳TC和无机碳IC的浓度.依据TC和IC的计量值,获得TOD的测定量.该法与CODCr的测定环境水样结果比较,TOC准确度实验结果为0.87%～0.94%的相对误差,完全满足国标样品标准,精密度实验中TOC的标准偏差小于0.25,而COD标准偏差为0.53～0.55,准确度与精密度都令人满意.能适合于环境水样中有机污染物的快速监测.     

氨氧化细菌的富集培养及影响因素的研究

采用间歇培养方式,对富集氨氧化细菌的过程进行了研究,并探讨了温度、初始pH值、DO、碱度、进水氨氮浓度对短程硝化作用的影响.实验发现:氨氧化细菌富集完成后,氨氧化速率达到22.8 mg/(L·h),亚硝酸盐积累率在80％左右,氨氧化细菌的数量可提高至富集前的32.6倍.此外,对影响因素的研究发现,当温度30℃、pH=8.5、DO=0.5 mg/L、HCO3-/NH4+-N(摩尔比)=1.67、进水氨氮小于400 mg/L时,有利于实现短程硝化.