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851.
Ching‐Pin Tung Chun‐An Chou 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(4):1115-1125
ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of hydrogeologic parameter is an important issue in ground water simulation. One of the methods is to divide an area into several zones such that parameters are assumed to be constant within zone. The purpose of this study is to apply Tabu Search (TS) to find the best zonation of parameters that can result in the best ground water simulation. The initial zonation can be determined as the Thiessen method, and then zonation is optimized by T.S. The mean square error between simulated and observed hydraulic heads was used as the objective function. A designed confined aquifer with known zonation was used as an example to test the proposed method. Results indicated that Tabu Search can locate the optimal zonation successfully and avoid being trapped by local optimal zonations. Besides this, four other arbitrary initial zonations can be directed to the optimal zonation by TS, which proves the robustness of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study is feasible and expected to work well in the field problems with sufficient sampling of concerned parameters. 相似文献
852.
1997年,我区利用全国排污申报登记信息管理系统完成了全区范围的污染物排放申报登记工作,在此基础上,我们对SBMIS系统的功能及应用范围做了认真研究,分析了该系统在使用过程中存在的问题,展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
853.
Van Lancker F Adams A Delmulle B De Saeger S Moretti A Van Peteghem C De Kimpe N 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(10):1127-1133
An automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. Five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. In addition, four other common molds were studied. In general, MVOC production was the highest on malt extract agar. On this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol. On wallpaper, mainly 2-ethylhexanol, methyl 2-ethylhexanoate and compounds of the C8-complex such as 1-octene-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol and 1,3-octadiene were detected. The detection of 2-ethylhexanol and methyl 2-ethylhexanoate indicates an enhanced degradation of the substrate by most fungi. For growth on plasterboard, no typical metabolites were detected. Despite these metabolite differences on malt extract agar, wallpaper and plasterboard, some molds also produced specific compounds independently of the used substrate, such as trichodiene from Fusarium sporotrichioides and aristolochene from Penicillium roqueforti. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification and maybe also mycotoxin production of these molds. All five investigated Penicillium spp. in this study were able to produce two specific diterpenes, which were not produced by the other species studied. These two compounds, which remain unidentified until now, therefore seem specific for Penicillium spp. and are potentially interesting for the monitoring of this fungal genus. Further experiments will be performed with other Penicillium spp. to study the possibility that these two compounds are specific for this group of molds. 相似文献
854.
Assessment of dissolved heavy metal in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qiang An Yanqing Wu Jinhui Wang Zhien Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,164(1-4):173-187
The purpose of this paper is to determine the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals namely mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) and to investigate the relationships between nutrients (nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate) and dissolved heavy metals. For this purpose, the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals were measured through 51 voyages form 1984 to 2006 in the Yangtze river estuary and its adjacent sea. Results analysis showed that dissolved heavy metals were not the main pollutants in the Yangtze river estuary, and the main source of heavy metal contamination was industrial wastewater from terrestrial pollution during the past 20 years. Heavy metal values showed significant abundance in the south branch of the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay. In addition, Pb showed negative correlation with nutrients, while the positive correlations between Hg, Cd, and nutrients were shown. The obtained molar ratios, $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{N} = 1.68 \times 10^{-5}$ and $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{P} = 1.66 \times 10^{-4}$ , are close to those in plankton, showing the biogeochemical behavior and process of dissolved cadmium. 相似文献
855.
Aquatic pollution pose a serious challenge to the scientific community worldwide, since lakes or reservoirs find multifarious use and most often their water is used for drinking, bathing, irrigation, and aquaculture. Nine metals and several physicochemical parameters, from four sampling sites in a tropical lake receiving the discharges from a thermal power plant, a coal mine, and a chlor-alkali industry, were studied from 2004 to 2005. Pertaining to metal pollution, the site most polluted with heavy metals was Belwadah, i.e., waters and sediments had the highest concentration of all the metals examined. The reference site was characterized by the presence of low concentrations of metals in waters and sediments. Following the water quality monitoring, 2-month field phytoremediation experiments were conducted using large enclosures at the discharge point of different polluted sites of the lake. During field phytoremediation experiments using aquatic macrophytes, marked percentage reduction in metals concentrations were recorded. The percentage decrease for different metals was in the range of 25% to 67.90% at Belwadah (with Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor), 25% to 77.14% at Dongia nala (with E. crassipes, L. minor and Azolla pinnata), and 25% to 71.42% at Ash pond site of G.B. Pant Sagar (with L. minor and A. pinnata). Preliminary studies of polluted sites are useful for improved microcosm design and for the systematic extrapolation of information from experimental ecosystems to natural ecosystems. 相似文献
856.
河口水中矿物油分析的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
紫外分光光度法在河口水中矿物油测定中,存在着标准油品的选择、水样萃取的乳化处理及河口水样测定方法选择等问题。提出了解决存在问题的可行方法,进一步完善测定方法。 相似文献
857.
采用离子交换树脂预处理工业废水方法测定微量Cr^6+,排除了Cr^3+、Fe^3+、Hg^2+等阳离子干扰,减除水中浊度、色度、免去冗长预处理手续,使原方法简便易行,回收率达90%以上。 相似文献
858.
多能场协同紫外光催化降解甲基橙的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以甲基橙为模拟废水,负载型纳米TiO2为光催化剂,在自制的多能场组合反应器中,初步研究了电场和超声场协同紫外光催化降解水中甲基橙的特点和规律。结果表明,在偏置电场电压为20 v,超声场声频为21.33 kHz、声强为0.375 W/cm2,紫外光波长为366 nm,功耗为O.25 W/mL,TiO2催化降解负荷为1.25 mL/cm2的条件下,对浓度为4 mg/L的甲基橙溶液分别处理30 min和90 min,脱色率分别可达91.67%和95.36%;比单一紫外光催化降解脱色率分别提高86.59%和86.79%。 相似文献
859.
Evaluation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture Product over China Using Variance Reduction Factor 下载免费PDF全文
Xiaoji Shen Ru An Jonathan Arthur Quaye‐Ballard Ling Zhang Zhe Wang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(6):1524-1535
In this study, we evaluated the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative soil moisture product v02.1 (ESA CCI SM v02.1) using in situ observations collected at 547 stations in China from 1991 to 2013. A conventional validation was first conducted, and the triple collocation errors of ESA CCI SM and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting reanalysis data were approximately 0.053 and 0.050 m3/m3, respectively. To obtain more reliable validation results, the average soil moisture of the in situ observations per ESA CCI SM pixel was also used as the validation sites. Variance reduction factor (VRF) was adopted to quantify the accuracy of the soil moisture validation sites, and the average VRF was estimated at 4.88%. The validation results were enhanced by excluding validation sites with VRF errors greater than 5% from the statistical analysis. Although the ESA CCI SM underestimated the in situ observations with a Bias of 0.05 m3/m3, a moderately high correlation coefficient of 0.44 and a relatively small unbiased root‐mean‐square difference of 0.05 m3/m3 were observed. This study provides information on the utilization of ESA CCI SM for ecological protection, climate change, and hydrological forecasting. It also suggests the adoption of VRF for future error corrections of satellite‐based products. 相似文献
860.
Shuguang Liu Bo Tan Chaomeng Dai Sha Lou An Tao Guihui Zhong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2015,22(24):20101-20113