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排序方式: 共有574条查询结果,搜索用时 119 毫秒
471.
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Greis T Helmholz K Schöniger HM Haarstrick A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3577-3591
In this study, a 3D urban groundwater model is presented which serves for calculation of multispecies contaminant transport
in the subsurface on the regional scale. The total model consists of two submodels, the groundwater flow and reactive transport
model, and is validated against field data. The model equations are solved applying finite element method. A sensitivity analysis
is carried out to perform parameter identification of flow, transport and reaction processes. Coming from the latter, stochastic
variation of flow, transport, and reaction input parameters and Monte Carlo simulation are used in calculating probabilities
of pollutant occurrence in the domain. These probabilities could be part of determining future spots of contamination and
their measure of damages. Application and validation is exemplarily shown for a contaminated site in Braunschweig (Germany),
where a vast plume of chlorinated ethenes pollutes the groundwater. With respect to field application, the methods used for
modelling reveal feasible and helpful tools to assess natural attenuation (MNA) and the risk that might be reduced by remediation
actions. 相似文献
473.
Breuer D Heckmann P Gusbeth K Schwab G Blaskowitz M Moritz A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):440-445
Until 2009, the limit values for airborne sulfuric acid in Europe were based on the inhalable particle fraction (e.g. MAK (Maximum allowed concentration at workplace) value 0.1 mg m(-3) as the inhalable fraction). With the publication of the Commission Directive 2009/161/EU, an Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value (IOELV) of 0.05 mg m(-3) for sulfuric acid aerosols was based for the first time on the thoracic particle fraction. To permit a comparison of the measured values for the inhalable fraction with those of the thoracic fraction and to quantify the thoracic fraction, a cyclone was fabricated out of sulfuric-acid-resistant stainless steel that achieves suitable collection characteristics (PM(10)) at a flow rate of 5.34 L min(-1). 49 measurements were carried out in parallel in 21 companies. At concentrations well below the IOELV, there is little difference between the thoracic and inhalable particle concentrations. At higher concentrations (>0.1 mg m(-3) inhalable aerosol), larger droplets have a marked effect on the measured values and the thoracic fraction accounts for only 32.1 ± 12.5% of the inhalable fraction. The EU's IOELV and the proposal of the MAK Commission therefore provide a comparable level of protection. In the transposition of the IOELV into national law, an air limit of 0.1 mg m(-3) could therefore be implemented for the inhalable fraction. 相似文献
474.
Patrick Riefer Timm Klausmeyer Burkhard Schmidt Andreas Schäffer 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(8):584-599
The incorporation of xenobiotics into soil, especially via covalent bonds or sequestration has a major influence on the environmental behavior including toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability. The incorporation mode of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into organo-clay complexes has been investigated under a low (8.5 mg MCPA/kg soil) and high (1000 mg MCPA/kg soil) applied concentration, during an incubation period of up to 120 days. Emphasis was laid on the elucidation of distinct covalent linkages between non-extractable MCPA residues and humic sub-fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin). The cleavage of compounds by a sequential chemical degradation procedure (OH?, BBr3, RuO4, TMAH thermochemolysis) revealed for both concentration levels ester/amide bonds as the predominate incorporation modes followed by ether linkages. A possible influence of the soil microbial activity on the mode of incorporation could be observed in case of the high level samples. Structure elucidation identified MCPA as the only nonextractable substance, whereas the metabolite 4-chloro-2-methylphenol was additionally found as bioavailable and bioaccessible compound. 相似文献
475.
Giorgio Cassiani Andrew Binley Andreas Kemna Markus Wehrer Adrian Flores Orozco Rita Deiana Jacopo Boaga Matteo Rossi Peter Dietrich Ulrike Werban Ludwig Zschornack Alberto Godio Arash JafarGandomi Gian Piero Deidda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):8914-8931
The characterization of contaminated sites can benefit from the supplementation of direct investigations with a set of less invasive and more extensive measurements. A combination of geophysical methods and direct push techniques for contaminated land characterization has been proposed within the EU FP7 project ModelPROBE and the affiliated project SoilCAM. In this paper, we present results of the investigations conducted at the Trecate field site (NW Italy), which was affected in 1994 by crude oil contamination. The less invasive investigations include ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys, together with direct push sampling and soil electrical conductivity (EC) logs. Many of the geophysical measurements were conducted in time-lapse mode in order to separate static and dynamic signals, the latter being linked to strong seasonal changes in water table elevations. The main challenge was to extract significant geophysical signals linked to contamination from the mix of geological and hydrological signals present at the site. The most significant aspects of this characterization are: (a) the geometrical link between the distribution of contamination and the site’s heterogeneity, with particular regard to the presence of less permeable layers, as evidenced by the extensive surface geophysical measurements; and (b) the link between contamination and specific geophysical signals, particularly evident from cross-hole measurements. The extensive work conducted at the Trecate site shows how a combination of direct (e.g., chemical) and indirect (e.g., geophysical) investigations can lead to a comprehensive and solid understanding of a contaminated site’s mechanisms. 相似文献
476.
Jagers Sverker C. Harring Niklas Löfgren Åsa Sjöstedt Martin Alpizar Francisco Brülde Bengt Langlet David Nilsson Andreas Almroth Bethanie Carney Dupont Sam Steffen Will 《Ambio》2020,49(7):1282-1296
Ambio - The phenomenon of collective action and the origin of collective action problems have been extensively and systematically studied in the social sciences. Yet, while we have substantial... 相似文献
477.
Emile van Lieshout P. Andreas Svensson Bob B. M. Wong 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(3):513-518
Positive static allometry is a scaling relationship where the relative size of traits covaries with adult body size. Traditionally, positive allometry is thought to result from either altered physiological requirements at larger body size or from strongly condition-dependent allocation under sexual selection. Yet, there are no theoretical reasons why positive allometry cannot evolve in fitness-related traits that are solely under the influence of natural selection. We investigated scaling and sexual dimorphism of a naturally selected trait, pectoral fin size, in comparison to a trait important in male–male combat, head width in natural populations of a fish, the desert goby Chlamydogobius eremius. Male desert gobies provide uniparental care and use their pectoral fins to fan the brood (often under hypoxic conditions); hence, larger fins are expected to be more efficient. Male pectoral fins do not appear to fulfil a signalling function in this species. We found that, for both pectoral fin size and head width, males exhibited positive allometric slopes and greater relative trait size (allometric elevation) than females. However, for head width, females also showed positive allometry, albeit to a lesser degree than males. Because fin locomotory function typically does not result in positive allometry, our findings indicate that other naturally selected uses, such as paternal care, can exaggerate trait scaling relationships. 相似文献
478.
Andreas Eleftheriou 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1327-1328
Article impact statement: Parasite-induced shifts in host microbiota that lead to parasite resistance or tolerance may have unintended consequences for host fitness. 相似文献
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