区域开发与持续发展—以长江中游沿江地区开发为例

以长江中游沿江地区开发为例，着重探讨了区域开发与持续发展的相互关系，分析了长江中游沿江地区的区域开发优势与劣势，并提出了长江中游实现持续发展的区域开发战略与对策。     

Conservation networks,integrated and sustainable land use in a tropical frontier — the Cape York Peninsula region,Australia

Summary After discussing methods for and the difficulties of determining optimal land use, particularly in relation to conservation and sustainability issues, prospects for establishing conservation networks so as to preserve the wildemess characteristics of the Cape York Peninsula area are considered. According to a number of international studies, nature conservation in this region should be given a high priority. While Cape York is sparsely settled, it is not, however, a complete wilderness. Mining, cattle ranching, forestry, fishing, tourism and land use by Aborigines, frequently conflict with nature conservation in this region. But most of the land currently belongs to the Crown (State), even though Crown title is now subject to counter-claims by Aborigines following the Mabo case which is outlined, and most is held as leasehold by its users. In theory, leasehold from the Crown should give considerable scope for altering land use in the region, and instituting a system of conservation networks in the area based on core protected areas, such as those suggested by the Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland. Nevertheless, strategic land use planning for Cape York Peninsula is difficult because knowledge about the stock of natural resources and current land uses in the region is very imperfect, and conflicts between interest groups at the regional, State and national level are unlikely to allow for easy harmonious resolutions of land use disputes.But an encouraging sign in favour of nature conservation as a land use in Cape York Peninsula is its low economic opportunity cost, except where it comes into conflict with mining. Net returns from extensive pastoralism appear to be negative and economic returns from forestry are low. Tourism could be compatible with conservation. Potential conflicts with mining could be taken into account in the early planning stages of conservation networks by gazetting very large nature reserves and at a later time allowing some portions to be assigned for mining. The royalties from such mining might be used as transfer payments to benefit further conservation efforts in the region.Dr Andreas E. Hohl is a staff member and Professor Clem A. Tisdell is a Department Head of the Department of Economics at the University of Queensland.     

Three- versus two-dimensional ultrasound for nuchal translucency thickness measurements: comparison of feasibility and levels of agreement

We have determined feasibility and levels of agreement for visualizing the nuchal translucency within a time limit with three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) transvaginal ultrasound. A total of 213 women of median gestational age 13 weeks (range 11–14 weeks) undergoing first-trimester nuchal translucency (NT) thickness measurements with 2D transabdominal ultrasound were included in the study. Additionally all women underwent 2D and 3D transvaginal NT examination within a time limit of 90 s. These two methods were compared with each other and with our standard method (2D transabdominal ultrasound) with respect to visualization of fetal nuchal fold and to the levels of agreement. The nuchal fold was visualized by 3D and 2D transvaginal ultrasound in 85.9% (95% CI: 80.5%, 90.3%) and 25.8% (95% CI: 20.1%, 32.2%), respectively (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant underestimation of the NT by 2D transabdominal as compared with 3D transvaginal ultrasound of 0.1 mm (p<0.001), and by 3D transvaginal as compared with 2D transvaginal ultrasound of even 0.1 mm (p<0.001). 3D transvaginal ultrasound of the nuchal fold has increased feasibility to 2D transvaginal ultrasound within a short examination time and with minimal, but significant, measurement differences. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantification of Human Adenoviruses in European Recreational Waters

The presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV) in recreational water might cause disease in the population upon exposure. HAdV detected by PCR could also serve as indicators of the virological water quality. In order to assess the applicability of HAdV to the evaluation of the faecal contamination in European bathing waters, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was used for the quantification of HAdV in 132 samples collected from 24 different recreational marine and freshwater sites in nine European countries. Selected samples presenting positive nested PCR results for HAdV were analyzed using quantitative PCR and 80 samples from a total of 132 produced quantitative results with mean values of 3.2 × 10² per 100 ml of water, being human adenovirus 41 the most prevalent serotype between the samples where adenovirus was typified. HAdV were quantified in samples from all 15 surveillance laboratories. Statistical analysis showed no homogeneous linear relation between HAdV and E. coli, intestinal enterococci or somatic coliphages concentrations in the tested samples when considering all the data together. Significant correlations between HAdV and at least one of the other indicators were observed only when data from individual laboratories were considered. The quantification of HAdV may provide complementary information in relation to the use of bacterial standards in the control of water quality in bathing water.     

驾驶员道路安全感评价虚拟现实技术研究

针对公路线形、交通环境与驾驶员的协调性实时检测的定量化评价方法问题,围绕虚拟现实技术和驾驶员道路安全感认知评价,在对210国道西万三级路典型路段建模生成三维模型的基础上,组织53名驾驶人员在虚拟仿真实验室中对虚拟三级路进行现场认知评价试验.采用模糊统计的方法对评价试验得到的795组数据进行分析处理,建立虚拟三级路安全性认知因素的模糊评价隶属函数.采用计算虚拟和实测道路模糊评价隶属函数的贴近度的方法,与基于实际道路的三级路安全性认知因素的模糊评价隶属函数对比,证明虚拟现实技术在驾驶员道路安全感认知评价研究中的可行性.