大型甲醇储罐火灾风险与消防技术探讨

分析了大型甲醇储罐区的燃爆危险性及火灾特点,相对中小型甲醇储罐火灾,大型甲醇储罐火灾具有热辐射强、火焰温度高、浓烟少等特点,这类储罐火灾灭火难度大,主要体现在泡沫液灭火能力低、泡沫液流动距离小、覆盖范围有限、易复燃等。目前大型甲醇储罐消防系统的设计升级缺少足够的大尺度甲醇储罐灭火试验数据及以往甲醇储罐火灾事故信息支撑。联合开展大型甲醇储罐的消防试验研究是确保消防系统有效性和可靠性的必要措施。     

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river—Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years(July to December,in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was analyzed.The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function.The results showed that the average concentration of total N(TN) was 27.2 mg/L(NH_3-N,63.5%),total P(TP) was 2.0 mg/L(solution reactive phosphorus,68.8%).Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed.Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season.Spatially,the N and P concentrations followed the same trend;i.e.,higher in the city segment than in the suburbs,and decreasing along the river.The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times(eutrophication index ≥76.3).Spatially,its trend was clearly linked with N and P.Water shortage,pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.     

ECOSM-a new joint project for assessing environmental risks of poorly soluble compounds used in cosmetics-project presentation

This article reports on the second Young Environmental Scientists Meeting that was hosted from 28 February to 2 March 2011 by the Institute for Environmental Research at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. This extraordinary meeting was again initiated and organized by the Student Advisory Council under the umbrella of Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Europe. A movie about the meeting and the abstracts of poster and platform presentations are freely available as supplemental material of this article.     

城市室内灰尘重金属水平、影响因素及健康风险:以贵阳市为例

本研究以贵阳市为研究区域,选择73户家庭和6间办公室采集室内灰尘样品,用ICP-OES测定灰尘中常量元素Ca、Fe和重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探究室内灰尘重金属水平及影响因素,并综合室内和室外灰尘暴露量,评估儿童所受灰尘重金属健康风险.结果表明:1家庭室内灰尘中Ca、Fe的平均含量(g·kg-1)为107、31.9;Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量(mg·kg-1)分别为1.77、107、231、81.9、199、721;2办公室灰尘中Cu和Zn含量显著高于家庭灰尘,其他元素与其在家庭灰尘中的含量差别不大;3不同楼层家庭灰尘中Ca、Fe含量差别不大,Cd、Cu和Pb含量差异明显,1楼室内灰尘重金属含量相对较高,同时高层住宅室内Pb含量大于低层住宅;4家庭住户室外环境和室内装修及使用情况等导致家庭室内灰尘重金属水平差异分布;5灰尘重金属对儿童的暴露没有表现出明显的健康风险.     

The loss of an indigenous constructed landscape following British invasion of Australia: An insight into the deep human imprint on the Australian landscape

Indigenous people play an integral role in shaping natural environments, and the disruption to Indigenous land management practices has profound effects on the biosphere. Here, we use pollen, charcoal and dendrochronological analyses to demonstrate that the Australian landscape at the time of British invasion in the 18th century was a heavily constructed one—the product of millennia of active maintenance by Aboriginal Australians. Focusing on the Surrey Hills, Tasmania, our results reveal how the removal of Indigenous burning regimes following British invasion instigated a process of ecological succession and the encroachment of cool temperate rainforest (i.e. later-stage vegetation communities) into grasslands of conservation significance. This research provides empirical evidence to challenge the long-standing portrayal of Indigenous Australians as low-impact ‘hunter-gatherers’ and highlights the relevance and critical value of Indigenous fire management in this era of heightened bushfire risk and biodiversity loss.     

An assessment of the current and future options for domestic waste management in Kaunas, Lithuania.

The main purpose of this study was to carry out a retrospective analysis of solid waste generation in Kaunas city from 1994 to 2003 and to calculate the theoretical waste generation in the future. This paper also presents measurements of the annual variations of waste amounts and calculations on a theoretical waste incineration facility. Two waste treatment scenarios were considered. Scenario A: waste deposit at the landfill with 'implementation of domestic waste separation and recycling'. Scenario B: waste removal to a landfill with 'multi-treatment: household separation, recycling and energetic recovery'. Three levels of waste treatment were proposed. The first level was implementation of the recycling system, which included household waste separation. The next step involved mechanical-biological treatment. The third level was the construction and operation of a new waste incineration plant in Kaunas. Two sites in Kaunas city were proposed; however, more detailed analysis, including the economic factors, will need to be done.     

Report: recycling of flame-retarded plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE).

Shredder residues produced in plants processing waste electric and electronic equipment are excluded from material recycling due to a variety of polymeric materials and the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFR), which might contain banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers or toxic polybrominated dioxins and furans (PBDD/F). Herein we present a technological approach to transfer a significant portion of the shredder residue into recycled polymers. The technological approach consists of a density-based enrichment of styrenics, which are subjected to a solvolysis process (CreaSolv process) in a second stage. This stage allows the elimination of non-target polymers and extraction of BFR and PBDD/F. Pilot processing of 11.5 and 50 kg shredder residues indicated a material yield of about 50% in the density stage and 70-80% in the CreaSolv process, and an effective removal of BFR additives. The recycled products were proved to comply with threshold values defined by the European directive on the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) and the German Chemikalienverbotsverordnung. Mechanical material properties exhibited high tensile and flexural modules as well as slight impact strength, which qualify the products for applications in new electronic equipment.     

客户——服务器结构下环境信息系统的开发与集成

本文概述了环境信息系统的功能和发展，介绍了９０年代出现并在国际上占据信息系统主流平台的客户／服务器计算机体系结构，提出了客户／服务器结构下环境信息系统的开发与集成方法，并介绍了基于客户／服务器结构、覆盖我国２７个省的中国省级环境信息系统的开发情况。