全文获取类型
收费全文 | 814篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 70篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 45篇 |
废物处理 | 38篇 |
环保管理 | 76篇 |
综合类 | 235篇 |
基础理论 | 174篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 235篇 |
评价与监测 | 41篇 |
社会与环境 | 50篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 57篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
1956年 | 6篇 |
1955年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 3篇 |
1922年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有908条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
711.
712.
Greis T Helmholz K Schöniger HM Haarstrick A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3577-3591
In this study, a 3D urban groundwater model is presented which serves for calculation of multispecies contaminant transport
in the subsurface on the regional scale. The total model consists of two submodels, the groundwater flow and reactive transport
model, and is validated against field data. The model equations are solved applying finite element method. A sensitivity analysis
is carried out to perform parameter identification of flow, transport and reaction processes. Coming from the latter, stochastic
variation of flow, transport, and reaction input parameters and Monte Carlo simulation are used in calculating probabilities
of pollutant occurrence in the domain. These probabilities could be part of determining future spots of contamination and
their measure of damages. Application and validation is exemplarily shown for a contaminated site in Braunschweig (Germany),
where a vast plume of chlorinated ethenes pollutes the groundwater. With respect to field application, the methods used for
modelling reveal feasible and helpful tools to assess natural attenuation (MNA) and the risk that might be reduced by remediation
actions. 相似文献
713.
Breuer D Heckmann P Gusbeth K Schwab G Blaskowitz M Moritz A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):440-445
Until 2009, the limit values for airborne sulfuric acid in Europe were based on the inhalable particle fraction (e.g. MAK (Maximum allowed concentration at workplace) value 0.1 mg m(-3) as the inhalable fraction). With the publication of the Commission Directive 2009/161/EU, an Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value (IOELV) of 0.05 mg m(-3) for sulfuric acid aerosols was based for the first time on the thoracic particle fraction. To permit a comparison of the measured values for the inhalable fraction with those of the thoracic fraction and to quantify the thoracic fraction, a cyclone was fabricated out of sulfuric-acid-resistant stainless steel that achieves suitable collection characteristics (PM(10)) at a flow rate of 5.34 L min(-1). 49 measurements were carried out in parallel in 21 companies. At concentrations well below the IOELV, there is little difference between the thoracic and inhalable particle concentrations. At higher concentrations (>0.1 mg m(-3) inhalable aerosol), larger droplets have a marked effect on the measured values and the thoracic fraction accounts for only 32.1 ± 12.5% of the inhalable fraction. The EU's IOELV and the proposal of the MAK Commission therefore provide a comparable level of protection. In the transposition of the IOELV into national law, an air limit of 0.1 mg m(-3) could therefore be implemented for the inhalable fraction. 相似文献
714.
Andreas Kannen 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(6):2139-2150
Today, increasing use intensity and establishment of new sea uses such as offshore wind farming can be observed in coastal and marine waters. This development also increases the pressure on coastal and marine ecosystems. The exclusive economic zone of the German North Sea can serve as an example for this development, in particular illustrating the need to combine multiple uses and societal demands within a given sea area. In order to deal with the resulting conflicts and cumulative impacts, new planning tools and integrated approaches to planning and management are developing. While the sea becomes a contested but at the same time politically recognised area, also conflicts rooted in different perceptions, values and attitudes of coastal people can be observed. In order to deal with the current challenges in marine areas, marine spatial planning and similar tools for integrated planning need to be developed in the form of communication processes, which link diverse sets of information and span a dialogue between groups of society and across spatial scales including the transnational dimension. 相似文献
715.
Tarmo Soomere Kristofer Döös Andreas Lehmann H. E. Markus Meier Jens Murawski Kai Myrberg Emil Stanev 《Ambio》2014,43(1):94-104
The ever increasing impact of the marine industry and transport on vulnerable sea areas puts the marine environment under exceptional pressure and calls for inspired methods for mitigating the impact of the related risks. We describe a method for preventive reduction of remote environmental risks caused by the shipping and maritime industry that are transported by surface currents and wind impact to the coasts. This method is based on characterizing systematically the damaging potential of the offshore areas in terms of potential transport to vulnerable regions of an oil spill or other pollution that has occurred in a particular area. The resulting maps of probabilities of pollution to be transported to the nearshore and the time it takes for the pollution to reach the nearshore are used to design environmentally optimized fairways for the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Proper, and south-western Baltic Sea. 相似文献
716.
Hans-Peter Haslmayr Sylvia Meißner Francesca Langella Andreas Baumgarten Jörn Geletneky 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(11):6765-6774
The dispersal of industrial and municipal wastes leads to an increase of contaminated soils and is one of the large concerns in many countries throughout Europe regarding environmental issues. This article proposes a sequence of the microbially aided phytoremediation (phytoextraction and phytostabilization) procedure with the following most important steps: (1) risk assessment, (2) site investigation, (3) determination of the remediation strategy, (4) realization of remediation measures, (5) monitoring, and (6) reuse of the remediated site. UMBRELLA's innovative approach is a proposal of methods to evolve a tool-box which supports phytoremediation by means of microbes and enhances the efficiency of the remediation process at low and heterogeneously metal contaminated sites. 相似文献
717.
Jurate Kumpiene Paolo Desogus Sven Schulenburg Mariarita Arenella Giancarlo Renella Evelina Brännvall Anders Lagerkvist Lale Andreas Rolf Sjöblom 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8649-8662
The aim of the study was to determine if an As-contaminated soil, stabilized using zerovalent iron (Fe0) and its combination with gypsum waste, coal fly ash, peat, or sewage sludge, could be used as a construction material at the top layer of the landfill cover. A reproduction of 2 m thick protection/vegetation layer of a landfill cover using a column setup was used to determine the ability of the amendments to reduce As solubility and stimulate soil functionality along the soil profile. Soil amendment with Fe0 was highly efficient in reducing As in soil porewater reaching 99 % reduction, but only at the soil surface. In the deeper soil layers (below 0.5 m), the Fe treatment had a reverse effect, As solubility increased dramatically exceeding that of the untreated soil or any other treatment by one to two orders of magnitude. A slight bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri was detected in the Fe0 treatment. Soil amendment with iron and peat showed no toxicity to bacteria and was the most efficient in reducing dissolved As in soil porewater throughout the 2 m soil profile followed by iron and gypsum treatment, most likely resulting from a low soil density and a good air diffusion to the soil. The least suitable combination of soil amendments for As immobilization was a mixture of iron with coal fly ash. An increase in all measured enzyme activities was observed in all treatments, particularly those receiving organic matter. For As to be stable in soil, a combination of amendments that can keep the soil porous and ensure the air diffusion through the entire soil layer of the landfill cover is required. 相似文献
718.
Recent plans to alter the Loliondo Game Controlled Area (GCA), a nature conservation area located in Northern Tanzania, would result in substantial reduction of rangelands in the region. We quantify the current and hypothetical levels of the aboveground Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (aHANPP) in one of the affected villages, and estimate the maximum exploitability rate of rangelands by livestock in the region. We find that the current aHANPP of the village amounts to 34–38% of the potential productivity, which could increase to 59–67% due to the altered GCA. On rangelands, livestock-induced aHANPP would increase from the current level of 30–34% to 54–61%, which is far above a maximum exploitability rate of 40–41%. Our results reveal that the intended changes to the Loliondo GCA will severely affect the current livelihood strategy of the Maasai, which is based on pastoralism. 相似文献
719.
Petra Quillfeldt Andreas Michalik Gritta Veit-Köhler Ian J. Strange Juan F. Masello 《Marine Biology》2010,157(9):2043-2050
Central place foragers are constrained in their foraging distribution by the necessity to return to their nest site at regular
intervals. In many petrels that feed on patchily distributed prey from the sea surface over large foraging areas, alternating
long and short foraging trips are used to balance the demands of the chick with the requirements of maintaining adult body
condition. When the local conditions are favourable for prey density and quality, adults should be able to reduce the number
of long foraging trips. We studied the flexibility in foraging trip lengths of a small pelagic petrel, the thin-billed prion
Pachyptila belcheri, over three breeding seasons with increasingly favourable, cold-water conditions. During a warm-water influx in February
2006, chicks were fed less frequently and adults carried out foraging trips of up to 8 days. When conditions became more favourable
with colder water temperatures in 2007 and 2008, thin-billed prions decreased trip lengths, more often attended their chick
every day, and long foraging trips of six to eight days were not registered during 2008. Chick growth rates mirrored this,
as chicks grew poorly during 2006, intermediate during 2007 and best during 2008. Thin-billed prions preyed mainly on squid
during incubation and mainly on amphipods and euphausiids during chick-rearing. In the poorest season only, the diet was substantially
supplemented with very small copepods. Together, the present results indicate that during warm-water conditions, thin-billed
prions had difficulties in finding sufficient squid, amphipods or euphausiids and were forced to switch to lower trophic level
prey, which they had to search for over large ocean areas. 相似文献
720.
Soudzilovskaia NA Cornelissen JH During HJ van Logtestijn RS Lang SI Aerts R 《Ecology》2010,91(9):2716-2726
Fen-bog succession is accompanied by strong increases of carbon accumulation rates. We tested the prevailing hypothesis that living Sphagna have extraordinarily high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and therefore acidify their environment by exchanging tissue-bound protons for basic cations in soil water. As Sphagnum invasion in a peatland usually coincides with succession from a brown moss-dominated alkaline fen to an acidic bog, the CEC of Sphagna is widely believed to play an important role in this acidification process. However, Sphagnum CEC has never been compared explicitly to that of a wide range of other bryophyte taxa. Whether high CEC directly leads to the ability to acidify the environment in situ also remains to be tested. We screened 20 predominant subarctic bryophyte species, including fen brown mosses and bog Sphagna for CEC, in situ soil water acidification capacity (AC), and peat acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). All these bryophyte species possessed substantial CEC, which was remarkably similar for brown mosses and Sphagna. This refutes the commonly accepted idea of living Sphagnum CEC being responsible for peatland acidification, as Sphagnum's ecological predecessors, brown mosses, can do the same job. Sphagnum AC was several times higher than that of other bryophytes, suggesting that CE (cation exchange) sites of Sphagna in situ are not saturated with basic cations, probably due to the virtual absence of these cations in the bog water. Together, these results suggest that Sphagna can not realize their CEC in bogs, while fen mosses can do so in fens. The fen peat ANC was 65% higher than bog ANC, indicating that acidity released by brown mosses in the CE process was neutralized, maintaining an alkaline environment. We propose two successional pathways indicating boundaries for a fen-bog shift with respect to bryophyte CEC. In neither of them is Sphagnum CE an important factor. We conclude that living Sphagnum CEC does not play any considerable role in the fen-bog shift. Alternatively, we propose that exclusively indirect effects of Sphagnum expansion such as peat accumulation and subsequent blocking of upward alkaline soil water transport are keys to the fen-bog succession and therefore for bog-associated carbon accumulation. 相似文献