城市污泥-猪粪混合堆肥过程中湿度的层次效应及其动态变化

由城市污泥、猪粪混合堆肥试验表明:升温期堆体各剖面的湿度在50.82%～60.87%之间,高温期在38.7%～52.17%之间;升温期和高温期堆体中湿度的层次效应不明显,堆肥仓门、仓内壁以及堆体深度对湿度层次效应的影响较小;降温期堆体各剖面的湿度在24.54%～49.39%之间,湿度层次效应非常明显,仓门、仓内壁和堆体深度对湿度层次效应产生明显影响;后熟期堆体各剖面的湿度在19.18%～49.34%之间,湿度层次效应相对减弱,仓门和仓内壁是导致湿度层次效应减弱的重要原因.不同堆肥期堆体剖面的湿度差异由大到小为:后熟期>降温期>高温期＝升温期,堆体的湿度由大到小为:下部>中部>上部.堆肥过程中湿度随时间的变化满足二级动力学方程.     

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the Dianchi Lake, China

Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P),and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.     

Evolution and interaction of ecological civilization construction pattern from the perspective of path dependence–based on the panel data of Jiangsu Province,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Ecological civilization is an advanced form after industrial civilization. Improving China's ecological civilization system will provide developing...     

Quantifying the Effect of Ecological Restoration on Soil Erosion in China’s Loess Plateau Region: An Application of the MMF Approach

Land degradation due to erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in China. To reduce land degradation, the government has taken a number of conservation and restoration measures, including the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), which was launched in 1999. A logical question is whether these measures have reduced soil erosion at the regional level. The objective of this article is to answer this question by assessing soil erosion dynamics in the Zuli River basin in the Loess Plateau of China from 1999 to 2006. The MMF (Morgan, Morgan and Finney) model was used to simulate changes in runoff and soil erosion over the period of time during which ecological restoration projects were implemented. Some model variables were derived from remotely sensed images to provide improved land surface representation. With an overall accuracy rate of 0.67, our simulations show that increased ground vegetation cover, especially in forestlands and grasslands, has reduced soil erosion by 38.8% on average from 1999 to 2006. During the same time period, however, the change in rainfall pattern has caused a 13.1% ± 4.3% increase in soil erosion, resulting in a net 25.7% ± 8.5% reduction in soil erosion. This suggests that China’s various ecological restoration efforts have been effective in reducing soil loss.     

Removal of SO2 from O2-containing flue gas by activated carbon fiber (ACF) impregnated with NH3

Adsorption of SO(2) from the O(2)-containing flue gas by granular activated carbons (GACs) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) impregnated with NH(3) was studied in this technical note. Experimental results showed that the ACFs were high-quality adsorbents due to their unique textural properties. In the presence of moisture, the desulphurization efficiency for the ACFs was improved significantly due to the formation of sulfuric acid. After NH(3) impregnation of ACF samples, nitrogen-containing functional groups (pyridyl C(5)H(4)N- and pyrrolyl C(4)H(4)N-) were detected on the sample surface by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. These functional groups accounted for the enhanced SO(2) adsorption via chemisorption and/or catalytic oxidization.     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥热值测定方法优化研究

目前的城市污水处理厂剩余污泥热值的测定主要参考煤热值的测定方法。根据污泥的特性,对热值测定过程中污泥的干燥方式、助燃剂的影响和热值校正计算3个方面进行了优化研究。结果表明,冷冻干燥(-50℃)能够避免污泥有机物的挥发,从而精确地测定剩余污泥的热值;对于有机物含量较高的污泥(VS/TS>0.57),不添加助燃剂也能准确测定污泥的热值;通过测定氧弹洗液中硫酸和硝酸的含量来计算热值校正,从而准确得到污泥的热值。     

冲孔废料回升的产生与防止三例

结合3个典型实例,对零件在冲孔时废料回升的现象进行了分析,讨论了采用不同厚度的材料、不同的孔形、不同的冲裁间隙所产生的不同情况,介绍了在生产现场解决问题的方法和防止废料回升的一般措施.根据对具体实例的分析,总结出了控制废料回升的要点.     

天然沸石吸附氨氮和磷的研究

选用浙江缙云产颗粒状天然沸石为材料对氨氮和磷进行吸附动力学和吸附等温试验,考察初始浓度、振荡时间对吸附量、去除率的影响。试验结果表明：沸石对氨氮和磷吸附显示出＂快速吸附,缓慢平衡＂的特点;吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线更符合Freundlich方程;氨氮初始浓度小于7 mg/L、振荡时间在1h内和磷初始浓度小于30 mg/L、振荡时间在15 min内,吸附量、去除率随初始浓度、振荡时间增加而增加,当超过此阶段后,吸附量增加缓慢、去除率下降。     

REACH授权对我国危险化学品使用许可的借鉴

介绍了欧盟REACH法规中对授权的基本规定,包括需授权物质组成和给予授权的基本条件,并重点阐述了需授权物质的确定流程。概述了我国危险化学品使用许可制度的基本现状,参照REACH授权,提出了我国危险化学品使用许可建议。     

粉煤灰的有效利用

介绍了我国粉煤灰利用状况及政策，结合实例分析了粉煤灰的有效利用和清洁生产对促进粉煤灰有效利用的作用。