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211.
Martin Plath Rüdiger Riesch Alexandra Oranth Justina Dzienko Nora Karau Angela Schießl Stefan Stadler Adriana Wigh Claudia Zimmer Lenin Arias-Rodriguez Ingo Schlupp Michael Tobler 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):769-774
Adaptation to ecologically heterogeneous environments can drive speciation. But what mechanisms maintain reproductive isolation among locally adapted populations? Using poeciliid fishes in a system with naturally occurring toxic hydrogen sulfide, we show that (a) fish from non-sulfidic sites (Poecilia mexicana) show high mortality (95 %) after 24 h when exposed to the toxicant, while locally adapted fish from sulfidic sites (Poecilia sulphuraria) experience low mortality (13 %) when transferred to non-sulfidic water. (b) Mate choice tests revealed that P. mexicana females exhibit a preference for conspecific males in non-sulfidic water, but not in sulfidic water, whereas P. sulphuraria females never showed a preference. Increased costs of mate choice in sulfidic, hypoxic water, and the lack of selection for reinforcement due to the low survival of P. mexicana may explain the absence of a preference in P. sulphuraria females. Taken together, our study may be the first to demonstrate independent—but complementary—effects of natural and sexual selection against immigrants maintaining differentiation between locally adapted fish populations. 相似文献
212.
Angela Gómez Rodríguez 《生态毒理学报》1999,21(1)
1990年代哥伦比亚采取了一批保护环境的举措.这些最初表现为涉及若干团体(尤其工业团体)的独立志愿运动,由全国工业协会(ANDI)、哥伦比亚塑料工业协会(Acoplastico)和哥伦比亚安全理事会(CCS)协调.这些团体支持国际环境管理发展,尤其<责任关怀计划>.自1994-1995年以来,在当局愈来愈积极--但仍有待完善--的参与支持下,签订了许多协调协议.尽管尚有不足之处,但哥伦比亚迄今为止所取得的进展依然不失为可持续发展道路上一个可以效仿的范例. 相似文献
213.
Lesley Rickards Juan Brown Angela Hibbert Philip Woodworth Andrew J. Plater 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2013,17(3):691-693
In this Comment we refer to our strong reservations concerning the paper by Powell et al. J Coast Conserv, (2012) recently published on the Online First web site of the Journal of Coastal Conservation. The paper makes a number of comments on data obtained from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) and British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) which are incorrect or misleading. In addition, some of their comments on sea-level science in general need to be challenged and corrected. 相似文献
214.
Angela H. Rhodes 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1348-1353
The desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often exhibits a biphasic profile similar to that observed for biodegradation whereby an initial rapid phase of degradation or desorption is followed by a phase of much slower transformation or release. Most investigations to-date have utilised a polymeric sorbent, such as Tenax, to characterise desorption, which is methodologically unsuitable for the analysis of soil. In this study, desorption kinetics of 14C-phenanthrene were measured by consecutive extraction using aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD). The data indicate that the fraction extracted after 24 h generally approximated the linearly sorbed, rapidly desorbing fraction (Frap), calculated using a three-compartment model. A good linear correlation between phenanthrene mineralised and Frap was observed (r2 = 0.89; gradient = 0.85; intercept = 8.20). Hence HPCD extraction (24 h) and first-order three-compartment modelling appear to provide an operationally straightforward tool for estimating mass-transfer limited biodegradation in soil. 相似文献
215.
Chris Metcalfe Kathryn Tindale Angela Rodayan 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3179-3185
In this study of wastewater treatment plants in three Canadian cities, selected illicit drugs, including cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), amphetamine, methamphetamine and ecstasy (i.e. MDMA) were detected in untreated wastewater. Cocaine was the most widely used illicit drug at a median level for the 3 cities of 15.7 doses per day per 1000 people. For the other drugs, the median doses per day per 1000 people were 1.8 for amphetamine, 4.5 for methamphetamine and 0.4 for ecstasy. Methamphetamine use was highest in the largest city and cocaine use was lowest in the smallest city. Removal of the illicit drugs by wastewater treatment was generally >50%, except in a WWTP that uses primary treatment. The community consumption estimate for ecstasy in the present study is far below published estimates of the prevalence of ecstasy use among the Canadian population, which may be due to only occasional use of ecstasy. 相似文献
216.
Use of statistical tools to evaluate the reductive dechlorination of high levels of TCE in microcosm studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harkness M Fisher A Lee MD Mack EE Payne JA Dworatzek S Roberts J Acheson C Herrmann R Possolo A 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2012,131(1-4):100-118
A large, multi-laboratory microcosm study was performed to select amendments for supporting reductive dechlorination of high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) found at an industrial site in the United Kingdom (UK) containing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE. The study was designed as a fractional factorial experiment involving 177 bottles distributed between four industrial laboratories and was used to assess the impact of six electron donors, bioaugmentation, addition of supplemental nutrients, and two TCE levels (0.57 and 1.90 mM or 75 and 250 mg/L in the aqueous phase) on TCE dechlorination. Performance was assessed based on the concentration changes of TCE and reductive dechlorination degradation products. The chemical data was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival analysis techniques to determine both main effects and important interactions for all the experimental variables during the 203-day study. The statistically based design and analysis provided powerful tools that aided decision-making for field application of this technology. The analysis showed that emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), lactate, and methanol were the most effective electron donors, promoting rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE to ethene. Bioaugmentation and nutrient addition also had a statistically significant positive impact on TCE dechlorination. In addition, the microbial community was measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) for quantification of total biomass and characterization of the community structure and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for enumeration of Dehalococcoides organisms (Dhc) and the vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) gene. The highest increase in levels of total biomass and Dhc was observed in the EVO microcosms, which correlated well with the dechlorination results. 相似文献
217.
Santilio A Stefanelli P Girolimetti S Dommarco R 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):535-543
A simple and rapid method has been studied for the determination of acidic herbicides (2,4-D, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-p, Fluazifop, Fluroxypyr, MCPA, Mecoprop and Mecoprop-p) on cereals (rye). The method involves an alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in order to release covalently bound compounds, prior to QuEChERS extraction, followed by neutralization and analysis via liquid chromatography-double mass spectrometry LC/MS/MS. The performance of the method either with or without alkaline hydrolysis was studied in terms of recovery rates and limit of quantification (LOQ). In either case, recoveries were determined at four spiking levels (0.02 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) with 5 replicates for each level. Mean recoveries ranged from 90 to 120 %, whereas relative standard deviations (RSD %) proved to be less than 20 %. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the internal standard (Nicarbazin) and the LC/MS/MS analysis was performed in electrospray ionisation (ESI) negative mode using a Zorbax XCB Eclipse column. The developed method was applied to the analysis of several cereals commercially available like as rye flour, oat meal, oat flakes and dehusked oat. Residue levels were found below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method. The method has been tested in EU Proficiency Tests for cereals with good results. 相似文献
218.
Treatment of municipal landfill leachate by catalytic wet air oxidation: Assessment of the role of operating parameters by factorial design 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anglada A Urtiaga A Ortiz I Mantzavinos D Diamadopoulos E 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(8):1833-1840
The wet air oxidation (WAO) of municipal landfill leachate catalyzed by cupric ions and promoted by hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The effect of operating conditions such as WAO treatment time (15-30 min), temperature (160-200 °C), Cu2+ concentration (250-750 mg L−1) and H2O2 concentration (0-1500 mg L−1) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated by factorial design considering a two-stage, sequential process comprising the heating-up of the reactor and the actual WAO. The leachate, at an initial COD of 4920 mg L−1, was acidified to pH 3 leading to 31% COD decrease presumably due to the coagulation/precipitation of colloidal and other organic matter. During the 45 min long heating-up period of the WAO reactor under an inert atmosphere, COD removal values up to 35% (based on the initial COD value) were recorded as a result of the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 to reactive hydroxyl radicals. WAO at 2.5 MPa oxygen partial pressure advanced treatment further; for example, 22 min of oxidation at 200 °C, 250 mg L−1 Cu2+ and 0-1500 mg L−1 H2O2 resulted in an overall (i.e. including acidification and heating-up) COD reduction of 78%. Amongst the operating variables in question, temperature had the strongest influence on both the heating-up and WAO stages, while H2O2 concentration strongly affected the former and reaction time the latter. Nonetheless, the effects of temperature and H2O2 concentration were found to depend on the concentration levels of catalyst as suggested by the significance of their 3rd order interaction term. 相似文献
219.
Integrating Conservation and Development at the National Marine Park of Alonissos,Northern Sporades,Greece: Perception and Practice 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Available information on the socioeconomic implications of marine protected areas (MPAs) for the socioculturally diverse Mediterranean
region is scant. The National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades (NMPANS), Greece was established in 1992 as a foundation
for the conservation of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus. The evolution of the degree of acceptance of and satisfaction from the NMPANS by involved stakeholder groups (fishermen,
tourism operators, hoteliers and owners of rooms to let, governmental bodies, nongovernmental bodies, students, domestic and
foreign tourists) were investigated 13 years after its establishment using written questionnaires delivered during personal
interviews. The initial positive attitude of local professionals for the NMPANS has eroded due to the unsatisfactory fulfillment
of expectations for socioeconomic development. Fishermen expressed dissatisfaction with, mistrust toward, and a reluctancy
to communicate with the NMPANS’s management body. They believe that the fishery areas have decreased in actual geographic
area because of the prohibitive measures; fish stocks are declining; compensation for damage to fishery equipment by the Mediterranean
monk seal and for the prohibitive measures should be provided; and stricter enforcement of regulations should take place.
On the other hand, tourism operators, who organize trips for tourists to the NMPANS, unanimously reported direct economic
benefits. Furthermore, there was a disparity in the perception of socioeconomic benefits derived from the NMPANS between governmental
bodies and local stakeholders. The governmental bodies and the nongovernmental organization MOm-Hellenic Society for the Study
and Protection of the Monk Seal postulated that there had been considerable socioeconomic benefits for the local community
of Alonissos due to the establishment of the NMPANS, whereas the local nongovernmental organization Ecological and Cultural
Movement of Alonissos claimed benefits were scant. Tourists (domestic and foreign) believe that the NMPANS is not the main
attraction to Alonissos Island but is part of a composite, including serenity, aesthetic beauty, and small-scale tourism development,
which can turn Alonissos Island into an ideal eco-tourism destination; a common aspiration for both the tourists and the local
community by general consensus. The aim of the NMPANS to integrate conservation and development lies in (1) the effectiveness
of the NMPANS management body in formulating a strategic management plan that would accommodate stakeholders’ interests and
aspirations and (2) a national policy of conservation and enhancement of natural resources with consistency and continuity.
Quantitative assessment of the socioeconomic effectiveness of the Mediterranean MPAs using a common methodology would facilitate
the identification of intraregional variation and better planning for the network of MPAs in the Mediterranean. 相似文献
220.
Lee Eunjee Livino Angela Han Shin-Chan Zhang Ke Briscoe John Kelman Jerson Moorcroft Paul 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(6):1871-1881
Regional Environmental Change - Over the past 40 years, the discharge in South America’s Paraná River basin has increased despite no evidence of significant rainfall increases... 相似文献