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131.
Trung Pham Huu Yves Dumez Claude Marquetty Anne Durandy Joëlle Boue Jacques Hakim 《黑龙江环境通报》1987,7(4):253-260
Prenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was performed in four male high risk fetuses. The male sex was previously determined by an amniotic cell karyotype. Three kinds of test were performed on fetal blood obtained by umbilical venous puncture under fetoscopy at the 20th gestational week: nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) cytochemical test with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as activator; luminol enhanced chemiluminescence with activation by serum opsonized zymosan (STZ) or PMA; superoxide anion (0) production by measurement of the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c with PMA as activator. Results were compared to those obtained in six fetuses investigated for other inherited diseases. In one case, absence of granulocyte defects was confirmed at birth. In three other cases, the tests showed deficient metabolic oxidative granulocytes. The pregnancy was terminated and the CGD diagnosis was confirmed on the products of abortion. The use of three different techniques performed on whole blood for CGD prenatal diagnosis is recommended instead of a single isolated test to ensure a higher confidence in the diagnosis. 相似文献
132.
An almost ubiquitous occurrence of imposex and butyltins in the molluscs from US Virgin Islands gives evidence to a widespread contamination with the antifouling agent tributyltin (TBT), which most likely is related to a relatively intense ship traffic. Three different muricid neogastropod species Thais deltoidea, Thais rustica and Purpura patula all seem to have potential as suitable and sensitive bioindicators for assessing levels and effects of TBT pollution in coastal areas including coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea. However, considerable interspecies differences in especially accumulation potential of butyltins were seen in this study. Furthermore, a high accumulation potential of TBT in the edible gastropod West Indian topshell (Cittarium pica) was found, despite that no signs of imposex were observed in this archaeogastropod species. 相似文献
133.
A novel laboratory microcosm test was developed to measure the diffusion of native PAHs and PCBs from sediments in the presence and absence of a capping layer. Diffusive flux of 15 PAHs and 7 PCBs from uncapped sediment from Oslo harbour was 3.8+/-0.9 microg m(-2)d(-1) and 0.010+/-0.003 microg m(-2)d(-1), respectively. The flux from sediments capped with 1cm mineral cap (crushed limestone or crushed gneiss (0-2mm)), observed during the first 410 d, was 3.5-7.3% of the flux from uncapped sediments. By measuring freely dissolved pore water concentrations of 10 PAHs the flux in the microcosm was modelled with steady state and transient diffusion models. The measured flux from uncapped sediment was 27-290% of modelled steady state flux. Good agreement was also found between the measured flux of pyrene from capped sediment and the flux modelled with the transient model when fitting only with the distribution coefficients for pyrene between the cap material and water (Kd_pyr). Fitted Kd_pyr, (210 and 23 l kg(-1) for limestone and gneiss, respectively) was in the same order of magnitude as K(d) calculated from organic carbon content in the cap materials (68 and 14 l kg(-1) respectively). Calculation of the efficiency of a hypothetical cap with 10 cm diffusion path shows that the increased diffusion path length alone can yield a flux reduction >99% through a strong increase in the stagnant diffusive boundary layer from <1 to 100mm. 相似文献
134.
Anne Calmon Serge Guillaume Véronique Bellon-Maurel Pierre Feuilloley Françoise Silvestre 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(3):157-166
This work validated a burial protocol for in situ testing and presents a robust, repeatable and time-saving technique to measure degraded areas in the sample, i.e. an image analysis method. 1440 specimens of degraded samples have been compiled in a data base. To this end, twenty samples presenting different levels of biodegradability (i.e. PHBV/HV, PLA, PCL, PCL-Starch, paper, PE, PE-Starch) were buried at 4 different locations and then disinterred at 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-month intervals. The biodegradation levels of these samples were determined by computing weight and area loss. Weight loss was measured after careful cleaning, whereas area loss was quantified using image analysis. Image analysis gives reliable information on visual pollution while only requiring a rudimentary and thus quicker cleaning of the samples. 相似文献
135.
Feurdean Angelica Munteanu Catalina Kuemmerle Tobias Nielsen Anne B. Hutchinson Simon M. Ruprecht Eszter Parr Catherine L. Perşoiu Aurel Hickler Thomas 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(8):2193-2207
Regional Environmental Change - Traditional farming landscapes in the temperate zone that have persisted for millennia can be exceptionally species-rich and are therefore key conservation targets.... 相似文献
136.
In the wake of the flood that affected Brisbane, Australia, in January 2011, public attention turned to the causes of the event and lessons for minimizing the impacts of future floods. The news media was an important vehicle for understanding and internalizing the 2011 Brisbane flood. Examining how the flood was framed in the media is, therefore, useful to understand broad public perception of floods. We undertook a systematic newspaper analysis during a one-year period to explore media framings of the flood, focused on learning as an aspect of resilience in relation to two themes: (1) perceived links between the flood and climate change and (2) perceived roles of government in managing the flood. We show that media coverage of the flood reinforces aspects of resilience by acknowledging community spirit, self-reliance and the importance of sharing experiences for learning; articulating the risk of extreme events in a changing climate; and highlighting regional management trade-offs. Much of the discourse is likely to inhibit resilience, however, by casting the flood in terms of blame and political opportunity and paying inadequate attention to longer-term aspects of regional resilience. The limited learning observed to date may highlight a need for other mechanisms and actors to lead learning processes. As policy related to the 2011 Brisbane flood, and extreme events more generally, is influenced by the public discourse, it is important to understand the nuances of communication around these events and the media’s role in reinforcing or changing perceptions. 相似文献
137.
Alison P. Murata Tariq Siddique Allen M. Jobson Alsu Kuznetsova Amalesh Dhar M. Anne Naeth 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2023,33(2):111-118
Chloroform, a probable human carcinogen, is mainly produced anthropogenically for industrial use and may be released to the environment from a large number of sources related to its manufacture and use, including pulp and paper mills, hazardous waste sites, and sanitary landfills. Remediation of chloroform through conventional technologies has been met with limited success due to the conditions required and the formation of hazardous substances such as dichloromethane. The objective of this study was to investigate chloroform reduction in multicontaminated fine-textured soil using zero-valent iron (Fe0) in anaerobic microcosms. Four amended matrices were tested: simple matrix control (glass beads), soil matrix control (glass beads + soil), Fe0 in a simple matrix (glass beads + Fe0), and Fe0 in a soil matrix (soil + Fe0). Headspace chloroform and its transformation products dichloromethane, chloromethane, and methane were measured over 230 days and during short intervals in the initial 3 days. Chloroform (~0.3 mM initial mass) persisted in both control microcosms but was completely transformed in microcosms containing soil + Fe0 by 12 h and glass beads + Fe0 by 48 h. Reductive dechlorination of chloroform occurred with simultaneous production of dichloromethane (~0.11 to 0.14 mM mass) and chloromethane (~0.02 to 0.13 mM mass). Little methane (~0.07 to 0.26 μM mass) production as an end product of chloroform reduction was observed in microcosms amended with Fe0. Produced dichloromethane and chloroform almost disappeared by 230 days. The results showed a complete chloroform transformation pathway that has good potential for the remediation of chlorinated compounds in fine-textured soil. The role of soil clay minerals in redox reactions can be further investigated to improve the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated compounds in contaminated environments. 相似文献
138.
Comparison of EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilisation strategies with Lolium perenne on a heavy metal contaminated soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Phytoremediation is a promising and cost-effective strategy to manage heavy metal polluted sites. In this experiment, we compared simultaneously phytoextraction and phytostabilisation techniques on a Cd and Zn contaminated soil, through monitoring of plant accumulation and leaching. Lolium perenne plants were cultivated for 2 months under controlled environmental conditions in a 27.6 dm3-pot experiment allowing the collect of leachates. The heavy metal phytoextraction was promoted by adding Na-EDTA (0.5 g kg−1 of soil) in watering solution. Phytostabilisation was assessed by mixing soil with steel shots (1%) before L. perenne sowing. Presence of plants exacerbated heavy metal leaching, by improving soil hydraulic conductivity. Use of EDTA for phytoextraction led to higher concentration of heavy metal in shoots. However, this higher heavy metal extraction was insufficient to satisfactory reduce the heavy metal content in soil, and led to important heavy metal leaching induced by EDTA. On the other hand, addition of steel shots efficiently decreased both Cd and Zn mobility, according to 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction, and leaching. However, improvement of growth conditions by steel shots led to higher heavy metal mass in shoot tissues. Therefore, soil heavy metal mobility and plant metal uptake are not systematically positively correlated. 相似文献
139.
Riggs Rebecca Anne Langston James Douglas Beauchamp Emilie Travers Henry Ken Sereyrotha Margules Chris 《Environmental management》2020,66(1):72-90
Environmental Management - Tropical forest landscapes are undergoing rapid transition. Rural development aspirations are rising, and land use change is contributing to deforestation, degradation,... 相似文献
140.