A Pilot Study on Using Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Biomarker for Exposure to PAHs in Beijing

To study whether the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could be the biomarker of atmospheric PAHs, a small-scale pilot study was carried out on the relation of 1-OHP vs PAHs with the traffic policemen in Beijing of smokers and nonsmokers to be subgroups in both the exposure and control groups. Both the PAHs and 1-OHP were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ambient concentrations of PAHs were different at the different sites (the average sum of PAHs (TPAH) were 12.36, 16.27, 18.37 ng/m³ at the suburban residential, police station and high traffic area, respectively.), but considerably lower than the personal-exposure concentrations (the average TPAH were 65.84 and 47.28 ng/m³ for patrol cars and inspection station, respectively). Pyrene was correlated well with BaP and the summed PAHs (TPAH), with the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.79, 0.87 for ambient level and 0.92, 0.96 for personal exposure, respectively. The average of 1-hydroxypyrene of smokers and nonsmokers were 0.39, 0.15 μmol/mol creatinine in control group and 0.57, 0.33 μmol/mol creatinine in exposure group, respectively. The better correlation of pyrene to BaP and TPAH especially for personal exposure samples indicated that the probability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, the metabolite of pyrene, to be the biomarker of total PAH. Nonsmokers in the exposure and control groups had indistinguishable levels of 1-OHP, presumably because the ambient levels of pyrene were so similar (the average were 3.25, 3.20 ng/m³ at the police station and high traffic area, respectively.). Smokers in the control group had significantly higher 1-OHP than that of the nonsmokers, but showed indistinguishable differences in the exposure group. These results suggested that urinary 1-OHP could be a biomarker of PAHs only when the level of PAHs was at a relatively higher level. Smoking as an important influencing factor need to be controlled carefully.     

天津地区一些降尘中多环芳烃的含量与分布

采集并分析了天津地区2002～2003年16区县23个样点采暖与非采暖期降尘样品中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.非采暖期样品16种PAHs含量总和(ΣPAH16)在1 00～48 18μg·g-1间,采暖期样品ΣPAH16在2 54～85 47μg·g-1间.采暖期降尘高含量PAHs主要为萘、菲、荧蒽、和芘,非采暖期降尘PAHs的优势成份包括萘、芴、菲、荧蒽和.除东部工业区外,同一样点采暖期降尘中高环PAHs含量普遍高于非采暖期.采暖期样品各PAHs彼此之间相关性较非采暖期显著.无论是采暖期还是非采暖期,降尘中PAHs主要都是来源于燃煤,交通污染源也占一定比例.     

大力发展循环经济积极探索科学发展的新路子

循环经济是中国实现可持续发展战略的一种新的经济形态。发展循环经济是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重要内容之一,具有缓解资源约束矛盾的作用,能从根本上减轻环境污染。因此,要从企业、产业、区域层面积极推进循环经济的发展,确保循环经济发展取得实效。     

双叔胺缔合相变-两步反萃法处理萘磺酸系废液

用双步胺缔合相变-两步反革法处理茶磺酸系废液，以自制的2，4-二（N，N-二丁基）氨基十二烷基苯（HG-1）作相变试剂，考察了缔合相变法和两步反萃法的处理效果。实验结果表明：在萘磺酸系废液pH小于等于2的条件下，与三辛胺相比，用HG-1处理萘磺酸系废液可将循环处理次数减少2～3次，循环处理效率提高40%-60%，萃取罐的容积利用率可提高40%。G盐废液、NH2-J酸废液、T酸母液及脱硝废液的COD去除率分别可达99.40%,96.73%,97.77%,99.20%；在氨水加入量为20mL条件下，两步反萃法可从NH2-J酸废液中分出14mL无机盐水相，并可得到7g硫酸铵，分出无机盐水相后的萘磺酸浓缩液体体积比传统的一步反萃法减小了44%。     

土壤石油类污染物强化生物修复技术研究进展

通过对石油类污染土壤的危害进行分析,指出生物修复技术是土壤石油类污染去除的重要手段。由于石油类污染物组成的复杂性及难降解性,高效降解微生物的富集、驯化,特别是基于多种生物协同共生的高效降解菌群的构建,是实现强化生物修复的重要途径。降解过程中污染物种类及理化性质、温度和pH值、电子受体、营养元素等都对污染物的降解产生较大的影响。     

换热车间噪声综合治理

介绍一例换热车间噪声的综合治理工程 ,通过减振、隔声、消声和吸声等治理措施 ,使换热车间内产生的噪声得到了有效的控制     

污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素分析

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和液相色谱分析城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法 ,同时分析了北京市 4个污水处理厂进水与出水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的浓度。在四个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了 5种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,分别是DEP、BBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP ,浓度在 0 .72～ 59.1 7μg/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的去除效果很好     

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether inhibits THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice in vivo

The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), mainly used as a gasoline additive, has long been a contentious topic. In addition to its routine toxicities, MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as obesity. As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure. Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development, we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^?/? mouse model in vivo for the first time. Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux, at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages. Consequently, treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein. ApoE^?/? mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations (100, 1000 μg/kg) displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicle-treated ones. Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophage-specific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root, implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation. We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.     

环境浓度抗生素选择性压力改变活性污泥微生物群落结构

为探究环境浓度抗生素(5μg·L~(-1)和50μg·L~(-1))选择性压力下活性污泥微生物的性能变化,选择四环素及磺胺甲噁唑2种高频检出的抗生素作为研究对象,分别考察2种抗生素单一和复合作用下对序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中废水处理效能、微生物活性及群落结构的影响。结果表明,与不添加抗生素的空白对照组相比,2种抗生素在50μg·L~(-1)和5μg·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,经过60 d运行,COD和NH+4-N去除效果未受明显影响(P0.05),微生物的活菌比变化不显著(P0.05),ATP含量显著降低(P0.05)。在微生物群落结构方面,革兰氏阳性菌增加,革兰氏阴性菌减少,原生动物含量减少,香农-威尔生物多样性指数下降。添加抗生素的样品中微生物优势菌群由变形菌门变为放线菌门,放线菌含量(均高于45%),高于空白对照组(30.72%);放线菌门的Micropruina属所占比例最高(24%),且高于空白对照组(18.77%)。抗生素选择性压力可改变活性污泥微生物的活性及群落结构,但长期作用下对污水处理效能及抗生素抗性基因传播的影响还需要进一步研究。     

松花江流域水污染防治问题的思考

根据松花江流域水环境现状,松花江流域水污染防治工作的重要依据和"十一五"期间松花江流域水污染防治的重要对策和措施,提出了用行政的、经济的和法律的手段,实行环境信息公开.对公民、法人或其他组织合法的环境权益问题进行了思考,并提出建议.