Cr~(6+)污染对白菜的生态毒理效应研究

试验采用水培方法研究了白菜种子和幼苗对铬离子的富集能力与耐受性,铬离子对白菜叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素浓度的影响。结果表明随Cr6+浓度梯度的变化,白菜种子萌发抑制率的差异不显著,而对白菜生长起到明显的抑制作用。随Cr6+浓度梯度的升高,Cr6+对叶绿素a和叶绿素b的抑制作用加剧,Cr6+对叶绿素a的抑制效果更明显。白菜根对铬离子的富集量大于茎,根的富集能力最强。铬离子影响白菜幼苗的正常生长,白菜对铬离子具有一定耐受性。     

加强基层环境保护监管措施的研究

党的十八大把生态文明建设列入中国特色社会主义事业五位一体的总体布局,提出大力推进生态文明建设,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展。随着市场经济的持续增长,环境污染、扰民问题愈加突出,人民群众对环境问题日益关注,环境保护工作面临的形势越来越严峻,任务和责任越来越繁重和艰巨,给基层环境保护工作提出更高的要求。基层环境监管在思想观念更新,工作思路调整,能力建设加强,管理机制完善等方面需进一步提高和发展。     

松北区湿地生态系统健康评价及恢复对策

运用湿地健康评价指标体系,对松北区湿地健康进行了评价。采用专家咨询法及层次分析法确定各指标权重,用模糊综合评价法对松北区湿地生态系统健康评价,并对结果进行了诊断分析及预警分析。针对评价结果进行松北湿地生态系统健康影响因素分析,得出影响因子既有湿地自身生态过程,也有人类活动作用,人类活动的影响最大。针对生态健康影响因素提出了松北区湿地健康的恢复对策。     

黄龙钙华水体藻多样性及分布规律研究

对黄龙钙华水体藻种类、分布规律及多样性进行了研究,共鉴定出23属53种淡水藻类,分属5门。黄龙钙华水体藻类以硅藻占绝对优势,绿藻、黄藻门、蓝藻门次之,裸藻门、金藻门最少。从季节交替变化来看,春季小球藻最多,夏秋季节硅藻最多;从分布规律来看,夏季以海拔最高的泉眼处藻类最多,沿海拔降低藻类数量递减;秋季以钙华滩流群处藻类最盛。多样性分析结果表明,黄龙水体钙华藻类的物种丰富度指数dmar在0.083⁰.667之间,多样性指数H在0.1910.667之间,多样性指数H在0.191¹.99之间,均匀度e在0.2761.99之间,均匀度e在0.276¹.000之间。结果表明黄龙钙华水体藻类受到季节、温度、水量等环境因数和海拔、钙华滩、彩池等地理因素影响表现出现种群的周期演替。     

Analysis of floc morphology in a continuous-flow flocculation and sedimentation reactor

The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension was used as the test water, and polyaluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. An in-situ recognition system was applied to analyze the floc size, boundary fractal dimension, and eccentricity ratios. Particle numbers and turbidity were also determined in the sedimentation stage. At a coagulant dose of 1 mg/L as Al, the average floc size increased from 62 to 78 μm and the boundary fractal dimension was around 1.14, suggesting that flocs were compact and continuously grew during the entire flocculation process. However, with the dose increased to 5 mg/L, the average floc size decreased and stabilized at around 65 μm, with the fractal dimension of 1.20. It can be concluded that the excess coagulant doses resulted in the formation of chain-shaped, lower density, and more branched structure flocs, thereby restricting flocs' further growth in the subsequent flocculation. Floc morphology analysis suggested that charge neutralization dominated in the initial flocculation stage, then the bridge and sweep mechanisms were dominant in the subsequent flocculation. In addition, compared with the traditional inclined plate settler, a novel V-shaped plate settler introduced in this study had an advantage in small size floc(less than 5 μm) removal. The V-shaped region could promote aggregate restructuring and re-flocculation; therefore, the V-shaped plate settler provides an alternative method for sedimentation.     

地理信息系统在地下水防控区划中的应用研究

文章应用GIS软件及DRASTIC模型,选取黑龙江省某地级市进行了地下水污染现状评估、地下水污染荷载评估、地下水脆弱性评估、地下水功能价值评估及地下水污染风险防控分区.结果得出,地下水污染风险最高处位于研究区污染荷载较高的西北和西南部;中部和北部、南部的部分区域为中风险区域;其它为一般风险控制区域.研究成果为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.     

山西省矿山生态环境补偿机制建设研究

山西省是矿产资源大省,特别是煤炭资源丰富、开采量大,然而,在矿产资源开采的同时,也带来了一系列的生态环境问题.构建矿山生态环境生态补偿机制,有效推进矿山生态修复与治理是提升矿山生态环境的重要方式.研究在了解生态补偿理论基础上,提出了山西省矿山生态环境补偿体系,明确了补偿的主体、客体和主要形式,并提出治理责任机制、多渠道融资机制等保障机制,期望为环境管理部门推进矿山生态补偿工作奠定理论基础.     

典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估

针对典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估,可以选取中国东北部某典型工业污染源,应用地下水有限差分软件Visual Modflow,在地下水水均衡计算的基础上,结合气象、地质、水文、水质等资料,建立了典型工业污染源地下水水流水质预测模型.研究了地下水运动规律及水中污染物迁移转化规律,预测出未来两年内的地下水流及水质变化情况,为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.这样可以利用中国东北部某典型工业污染源,为地下水的保护提供保障.     

Statistically Integrated Flow and Flood Modelling Compared to Hydrologically Integrated Quantity and Quality Model for Annual Flows in the Regulated Macquarie River in Arid Australia

Water resource management traditionally depends on use of highly complex hydrological models designed originally to manage water for abstraction but increasingly relied on to determine ecological impacts and test ecological rehabilitation opportunities. These models are rarely independently tested. We compared a relatively simple statistical model, integrated flow and flood modelling (IFFM), with a complex hydrological model, the integrated quality and quantity model (IQQM), on the highly regulated Macquarie River of the Murray-Darling Basin, southeastern Australia. We compared annual flows (1891–2007) at three gauges to actual data and modelled output: before dams and diversions (unregulated) and after river regulation (regulated), using the goodness of fit (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency) and nonparametric tests. IQQM underestimated impacts of river regulation respectively on median and average flows at the Macquarie Marshes (Oxley gauge) by about 10% and 16%, compared to IFFM. IFFM model output more closely matched actual unregulated and regulated flows than IQQM which tended to underestimate unregulated flows and overestimate regulated flows at the Ramsar-listed wetland. Output was reasonably similar for the two models at the other two flow gauges. Relatively simple statistical models could more reliably estimate ecological impact at floodplains of large river systems, as well as an independent assessment tool compared to complex hydrological models. Finally, such statistical models may be valuable for predicting ecological responses to environmental flows, given their simplicity and relative ease to run.