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831.
832.
Sheng Han Peng Wang Yuhong Wang Yuping Song Tianhui Ren 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2010,88(1):41-46
Alkyl methacrylate–maleic anhydride–alkyl methacrylate terpolymers (MR1–MA–MR2) is one of the widely used cold flow improver. In order to develop more efficient MR1–MA–MR2, it is necessary to study the crystallization behavior of n-alkanes when adding MR1–MA–MR2 into diesel fuel. In this paper, MR1–MA–MR2 is prepared by the reaction of long-chain alkyl methacrylate (MR1), maleic anhydride (MA), and short alkyl methacrylate (MR2). The diesel fuel before and after adding MR1–MA–MR2 is in situ filtrated at its cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in a manual CFPP apparatus. Extensive measurements of composition variation of n-alkanes are done by gas chromatograph and the results are compared. The experimental results show that after adding MR1–MA–MR2, the concentration distribution of n-alkanes in the filtrate is wide and arranges from 8 to 26, and mainly centralizes from 10 to 19. For the precipitate, the concentration distribution of n-alkanes gets richer in the lighter n-alkanes and poorer in the heavier n-alkanes. The concentration distribution of n-alkanes in the crystal solid shows a decreasing trend, especially with high carbon number n-alkanes (heavier than C20). About 60–70% of the residual crystal solid is composed of non-paraffins such as isoparaffin, naphthene and other components. Crystallinities of n-alkanes show a slow decrease trend from C8 to C20. When the carbon number n-alkanes are heavier than C20, the crystallinities of n-alkanes begin to sharply reduce with an increase of carbon number. The largest decline of crystallinity is C26 n-alkane from 38.39% to 7.90%. 相似文献
833.
甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究(Ⅰ)──单组分催化剂对甲醇的深度氧化 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
利用色谱-微反联用技术对甲醇深度氧化进行了研究。结果表明:甲醇在所有催化剂上氧化时均产生副产物甲醛及甲酸甲酯;非贵金属氧化物催化剂以Cu-O/r-Al2O3的活性最优,其最佳负载量为10%-20%,不同的制备方法中以均匀沉淀法制备的催化剂最好;贵金属催化剂中Ag/r-Al2O3的活性较好,其甲醇氧化的T50,T95分别只有135℃和190℃,而且伴生的甲醛及甲酸甲酯浓度也较低。不同催化剂的活性与其 相似文献
834.
835.
High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific. 相似文献
836.
837.
CTMAB-膨润土去除水中有机物的性能及机理 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)改性膨润土,研究了CTMAB膨润土去除水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、硝基苯、苯胺、苯酚、对硝基苯酚的性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明,CTMAB-膨润土去除水中有机物的能力远大于原土;CTMAB-膨润土对苯、甲苯、乙苯的等温吸附曲线呈线性;对水中苯酚、对硝基苯酚的等温吸附曲线呈非线性;对苯胺、硝基苯的等温吸附曲线基本呈线性。CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中有机物的性能及机理与有机物的水溶性或辛醇-水分配系数有关。 相似文献
838.
天津地区土壤多环芳烃在剖面中的纵向分布特征 总被引:41,自引:3,他引:38
在天津市北部山区、中部农田和东南部油田采油作业区分别采集了土壤样品 ,研究了土壤中多环芳烃 (PAHs)的纵向分布特征 ,并对土壤中多环芳烃的来源进行了分析 .结果表明 ,PAHs含量峰值一般位于土壤表层或次表层 ,并随着土壤剖面的加深而减少 .农田菜地土壤PAHs在 4 0cm深处含量仍然较高 ,而油田仅表层 3cm富集PAHs ,这与耕作土壤表层常受到人为扰动有关 .与高环物质相比 ,低环物质更容易向下迁移 .土壤中有机碳的含量、土壤的性质以及土壤的粒度均是影响PAHs迁移的重要因素 .山区和菜地土壤中PAHs主要来自燃烧源 ,而油田则显示为石油源和燃烧源的混合源 . 相似文献
839.
高、中频混响声场噪声治理技术的研究及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国目前纺织厂织造车间的噪声级均较高。应用吸声降噪原理 ,通过模拟、中试和二项试点三步的实践证明 ,采用在厂房建筑上架设大面积“强吸声吊顶”技术的方法 ,能使织造车间的噪声降低 4~ 6dB(A) ,收到较好的降噪效果。 相似文献
840.