以包头市为例浅议生态宜居城市建设指标体系

依据城市可持续发展的要求,提出了生态宜居城市的概念,并对其内涵进行了探讨分析。构建了包头市生态宜居城市的评价指标体系,并对包头市生态宜居城市的建设进行了评价。     

地震海啸危险性概率分析的数值模型可靠性

随着地震危险性分析方法的成熟,地震海啸危险性评价工作也逐渐展开,并过渡为基于概率方法的危险性分析。对于没有足够历史海啸观测记录的地区,基于数值模拟的分析方法来评价该地区的海啸危险性是一种有效方法。本文选取了2010年以来发生的五次典型海洋地震,模拟海啸的产生和传播过程;对比分析模拟结果与观测数据后得出两者比较一致,从而验证了数值模型的可靠性,为今后我国地震海啸危险性概率分析提供了可靠的数值方法。．     

长江(镇江——泰州段)崩岸地质灾害类型、特征及成因机制

本文以长江镇江-泰州段岸坡岩土体变形破坏实地调研为基础,系统论述了崩岸地质灾害的类型及特征,对长江嘶马弯道典型实例进行剖析,并探讨其成因机制;确定镇江-泰州段江岸崩塌类型主要为洗崩、条崩、窝崩,以窝崩破坏性最强,条崩次之;成因机制以工程地质、水文地质、河流水动力条件为主,气候、人类活动、区域构造背景的影响次之;总结了崩岸地质灾害给人类社会所造成的危害,提出该段长江江岸坍塌的防治和建议。     

矿产资源开采对牧民生存发展利益的影响——以西乌旗为例

本文以内蒙古自治区草原牧民的生存发展利益为核心,以矿产资源开采为视角,以内蒙古自治区西乌旗、赤峰市的矿产开采为切入点,运用理论研究和实地调研相结合的实证主义研究方法从法学的角度来阐释矿产资源开采对于牧民生存发展利益的影响.通过实地走访和相关理论前提的支撑,我们了解到调研地点不同利益群体对待矿产资源开采所采取的不同态度、矿产资源开采对于当地经济的带动作用以及矿产资源开采对于当地牧民都有哪些实质姓的影响.笔者希望通过本文可以为立法者在制定相关法律提供些许借鉴或考量.     

江苏省氨氮排放与经济发展的现状研究

利用2005年-2009年江苏省、常州市、淮安市的氨氮指标时间序列数据,模拟了江苏省、常州市、淮安市的工业氨氮、生活氨氮、人均氨氮与人均GDP的关系曲线模型,江苏省、常州市、淮安市人均氨氮与人均GDP均符合指数模型,常州市工业氨氮、生活氨氮分别符合指数模型,淮安市工业氨氮、生活氨氮分别符合线性方程模型,江苏省工业氨氮、生活氨氮分别符合三次曲线方程模型;进一步描述了工业氨氮、生活氨氮、人均氨氮与人均GDP的EKC关系,常州市、江苏省的工业、生活、人均氨氮与人均GDP呈负相关,位于EKC曲线的下降段,淮安市的工业、生活、人均氨氮与人均GDP呈正相关,位于EKC曲线的上升段,为江苏省氨氮减徘撂供撞议．     

黑龙江及周边3次中等地震震前活动能量场及物理升温现象时空特征分析

通过计算地震活动能量距平场,研究了黑龙江及其附近区域3次中等地震前的研究区能量场在地震孕育过程中相关的物理时空变化特征。结果显示,地震活动能量场的时间曲线呈较大幅度上升可能预示了发生中强震的时间段,而地震活动能量场等值线高值变化区对应了可能发生M5以上地震的区域。结合热红外卫星长波辐射(OLR)值发现,地震前能量场等值线高值变化区升温明显,表明研究区能量场处于能量积累(释放)增强的状态。这些特征的提取,对该地区中强地震的中短期预测有一定的指导意义。     

贫营养型水库中罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响:围隔实验

于2009年9～11月在贫营养型的大型深水水库(流溪河水库)中进行了围隔(体积约为85 m3)实验,分析了罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响.根据水库中现有鱼类的生物量,设置加鱼处理组(2 g/m3)和无鱼对照组两组.每组有3个重复,实验开始后每周采样一次,测定水质与采集浮游生物定性和定量样品.实验结果表明,加鱼处理组和对照组的总氮、可溶性无机氮没有明显差别,实验后期的总磷与正磷有一定差别,处理组略高于对照组.加鱼处理组浮游植物丰度及生物量、叶绿素a的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且透明度低于对照组,个体小于30μm的浮游植物种类的丰度与生物量较明显增加,浮游动物丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但是生物量差异不显著(P>0.05).总的来说,在贫营养条件下,低生物量的罗非鱼对水库浮游植物群落结构仍有着明显的影响,罗非鱼排泄产生的上行效应大于摄食产生的下行效应.     

Migration of As, Hg, Pb, and Zn in arroyo sediments from a semiarid coastal system influenced by the abandoned gold mining district at El Triunfo, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Extensive waste deposits (tailings) and ash from the ignition oven of the abandoned gold mine of mining district El Triunfo (MD-ET) in Baja California Sur, Mexico have released trace elements into the sediments of the Hondo-Las Gallinas-El Carrizal arroyo, which connects to the Pacific Ocean through an evaporitic basin. Migration of these elements through the arroyo is mainly caused by winds or tropical hurricanes that occur sporadically during the summer and cause the otherwise dry arroyo to overflow. To evaluate the concentration and distribution of the elements As, Hg, Pb, and Zn along the 48 km arroyo, surface sediments were collected from 26 sites, ranging from close to the MD-ET to the mouth of the arroyo at the Pacific Ocean. Concentrations in tailings and ash were for As 8890 and 505?000 mg kg(-1); for Hg 0.336 and 54.9 mg kg(-1); for Pb 92,700 and 19,300 mg kg(-1); and for Zn 49,600 and 1380 mg kg(-1). The average of the Normalized Enrichment Factor (Av-NEF) in surface sediments, calculated using background levels, indicates that the sediments are severely contaminated with As and Zn (Av-NEF = 22), Pb (Av-NEF = 24) and with a moderate contamination of Hg (Av-NEF = 7.5). The anthropogenic influence of those elements is reflected in the arroyo sediments as far as 18 km away from the MD-ET, whereas the samples closest to the discharge into the Pacific Ocean show a natural to moderate enrichment for As and Zn and low or no enrichment for Hg and Pb. A principal components analysis identified four principal components that explained 90% of the total variance. Factor 1 was characterized by a high positive contribution of the anthropogenic source elements, especially As, Pb, and Zn (37%), whereas Factor 2 was strongly correlated with the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn (27%). Factor 3 was correlated with Li (16%) and Factor 4 with Al (10%), which indicates more than one source of lithogenic composition, though they played a minor role in the distribution of the elements.     

塔里木油田三甘醇脱水装置参数优化研究

文章通过三甘醇脱水工艺的第三套三甘醇注醇量调整,第三套再生温度的调节、汽提气注入量调整、贫液进塔温度调整运行参数的优化,得出:当三甘醇脱水工艺循环量在3840kg/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低;三甘醇脱水工艺再生温度在190～200℃之间温度越高,再生效果越好;三甘醇脱水工艺再生装置在汽提气量30Nm3/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低。     

Methods for estimating the uncertainty in emergy table-form models

Emergy studies have suffered criticism due to the lack of uncertainty analysis and this shortcoming may have directly hindered the wider application and acceptance of this methodology. Recently, to fill this gap, the sources of uncertainty in emergy analysis were described and analytical and stochastic methods were put forward to estimate the uncertainty in unit emergy values (UEVs). However, the most common method used to determine UEVs is the emergy table-form model, and only a stochastic method (i.e., the Monte Carlo method) was provided to estimate the uncertainty of values calculated in this way. To simplify the determination of uncertainties in emergy analysis using table-form calculations, we introduced two analytical methods provided by the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), i.e., the Variance method and the Taylor method, to estimate the uncertainty of emergy table-form calculations for two different types of data, and compared them with the stochastic method in two case studies. The results showed that, when replicate data are available at the system level, i.e., the same data on inputs and output are measured repeatedly in several independent systems, the Variance method is the simplest and most reliable method for determining the uncertainty of the model output, since it considers the underlying covariance of the inputs and requires no assumptions about the probability distributions of the inputs. However, when replicate data are only available at the subsystem level, i.e., repeat samples are measured on subsystems without specific correspondence between an output and a certain suite of inputs, the Taylor method will be a better option for calculating uncertainty, since it requires less information and is easier to understand and perform than the Monte Carlo method.