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111.
考察中高温热处理对含氮沥青基活性碳纤维[PACF(NH3)]脱除SO2的能力的影响结果表明,在900—1100℃尤其是在1000℃下热处理可显著提高PACF(NH3)脱除SO2的能力.当在30℃下模拟烟气中SO2、O2和H2O的浓度分别为0.002ml/ml、0.1ml/ml和0.1ml/ml,气体流动速率为100ml/min时,0.25g的3种不同比表面积的PACF(NH3)完全除去SO2的时间分别从热处理前的0.25h、1h和1h延长到热处理后的1h、2h和3.5h,SO2穿透后的稳态浓度从热处理前的73%、54%和38%下降到热处理后的32%、24%和10%.脱硫活性的提高主要是由于热处理增强了PACF(NH3)对SO2和O2的吸附作用,加速了SO2的氧化反应. 相似文献
112.
Summary In controlled experiments, shoaling European minnows fed in equal numbers on two equally-rewarded food patches, and likewise on unequal patches the numbers feeding reflected food levels. For equal food, minnows did not feed at the patch where they had encountered a simulated diving avian predator, whereas they chose to feed at this risky patch when it was more valuable. By avoiding hazard for equal food, but accepting predator risk for higher food rewards, the minnows performed a risk-balancing trade-off. 相似文献
113.
用水溶性纤维纱衍生物---羟丙基纤维素(HPC)和羟乙基纤维素(HEC)作为初始原料,在不同取代度(DS)条件下,轻度导入特定的疏水性取代基,旨在使其具有一定的热塑性;并对处理后所得到的新型纤维素衍生物的热塑性及水溶性进行分析探讨。实验结果表明:HPC和HEC在特定的取代基和DS条件下,均能获得良好的热塑性和水凝胶性,其中,HPC在取代基C6HNCO-,DS为0.12-0.21;HEC在取代基C4 相似文献
114.
本文所研究江段的有机污染物主要来自两岸工业排放的废水、生活污水、工业废弃物及生活垃圾。污染源主要位于右岸,上游右岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度高于左岸,下游两岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度趋于一致。两岸沉积物中污染物总浓度随距离的变化规律如下: 右岸:C=92.044S~(-0.3028) R=-0.962 左岸:C=9.231e~(-0.0058) R=0.946 在该江段沉积物中共检出51种有机污染物。其中致癌、可疑致癌、致突变化合物25种,占检出化合物的49%。淤泥质沉积物中有机污染物的存在量60.67吨,岸边滩及心滩土壤中存在量138.2吨。 相似文献
115.
Pavuk M Cerhan JR Lynch CF Schecter A Petrik J Chovancova J Kocan A 《Chemosphere》2004,54(10):1509-1520
In a population-based cross-sectional study, we compared serum levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three organochlorine pesticides in residents of two districts in eastern Slovakia, one with extensive environmental contamination from a former PCB production site (Michalovce) and the other matched on geography but with low (background) levels (Svidnik). The age-adjusted geometric means for sum of 15 measured PCB congeners were statistically significantly higher in subjects from the Michalovce district for both sexes: 3327.6 versus 1331.4 ng/g of lipid in males, 2751.8 versus 992.2 ng/g of lipid in females. Levels of DDE and DDT were also significantly higher, although the absolute differences were less pronounced. There was no substantial difference in HCB levels between the districts. We also conducted an ecologic study to compare cancer incidence occurring in these same two districts from 1985 through 1994. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals for each district using indirect standardization and rates from eastern Slovakia. Among males from Michalovce (exposed), but not Svidnik (unexposed), there was an excess of cancer of the tongue (SIR=1.46; 1.06-1.96), stomach (SIR=1.15; 1.00-1.32), lung (SIR=1.14; 1.04-1.24), testis (SIR=1.40; 0.97-1.97), and kidney (SIR=1.23; 0.98-1.52), and lower than expected incidence of prostate cancer (SIR=0.83; 0.69-0.97); in contrast, there was an excess of peritoneal (SIR=3.05; 1.11-6.63) and laryngeal cancer (SIR=1.43; 0.99-1.98) in Svidnik not observed Michalovce. Among females from Michalovce, but not Svidnik, there was an excess of cancer of the lip (SIR=2.54; 1.53-3.96), stomach (SIR=1.22; 1.02-1.44), and lung (SIR=1.17; 0.94-1.45); in contrast, there was an excess of kidney (SIR=1.61; 1.03-2.40) and thyroid (SIR=1.97; 1.12-3.20) cancer in Svidnik not observed in Michalovce. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that high environmental exposure to organochlorines in the Michalovce district may be associated with higher rates of certain cancers, particularly stomach and lung cancer. 相似文献
116.
Peter Lang 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2002,14(4):212
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
117.
The reef-building coral Montastrea cavernosa Linnaeus possesses sweeper tentacles which have enlarged nematocyst batteries. Sweeper tentacles appear to be used in defense of the coral's living space and may successfully deter mesenterial filament attacks from the more aggressive coral M. annularis. M. cavernosa therefore possesses a specialized defensive strategy that has not been taken into account by present models describing spatial competition in coral reef ecosystems. 相似文献
118.
Polona Kalan Katarina Košmelj Charles Taillie Anton Cedilnik John H. Carson 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2003,10(4):469-482
The objective of this paper is to quantify and compare the loss functions of the standard two-stage design and its composite sample alternative in the context of multivariate soil sampling. The loss function is defined (conceptually) as the ratio of cost over information and measures design inefficiency. The efficiency of the design is the reciprocal of the loss function. The focus of this paper is twofold: (a) we define a measure of multivariate information using the Kullback–Leibler distance, and (b) we derive the variance-covariance structure for two soil sampling designs: a standard two-stage design and its composite sample counterpart. Randomness in the mass of soil samples is taken into account in both designs. A pilot study in Slovenia is used to demonstrate the calculations of the loss function and to compare the efficiency of the two designs. The results show that the composite sample design is more efficient than the two-stage design. The efficiency ratio is 1.3 for pH, 2.0 for C, 2.1 for N, and 2.5 for CEC. The multivariate efficiency ratio is 2.3. These ratios primarily reflect cost ratios; influence of the information is small. 相似文献
119.
Dr Joyce C. Harper Edith Coonen Alan H. Handyside Robert M. L. Winston Anton H. N. Hopman Joy D. A. Delhanty 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(1):41-49
We have previously detected chromosome abnormalities in human embryos whilst identifying the sex for preimplantation diagnosis of X-linked disease. In this study we assess the incidence of these abnormalities, both for sex chromosomes and autosomes 1 and 17, using dual fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Sixty-nine normally fertilized embryos of good morphology at the 6–10 cell stage (day 3 post-insemination) were examined. The embryos were spread whole using HCl and Tween 20 to dissolve the cytoplasm. Thirty-four embryos were analysed for the sex chromosomes and 35 for autosomes 1 and 17. All probes were directly labelled with fluorochromes allowing analysis in 2 h. Control lymphocytes demonstrated that the probes were of high specificity. For the sex chromosomes, five embryos were mosaic (15 per cent) with the remaining 29 being uniformly XX or XY. In no case was an XX nucleus found in an otherwise XY embryo, indicating that even though mosaicism for the sex chromosomes is present, such abnormalities would not lead to a misdiagnosis of sex. For the autosomes, 16 embryos were abnormal (46 per cent); one embryo was triploid, one was monosomic for chromosome 1, and ten others were diploid mosaics (three diploid/aneuploid, three diploid/polyploid, and four diploid/haploid). A further four embryos had variable chromosome numbers in the majority of nuclei which appeared to be the result of uncontrolled mitotic division. The presence of haploidy or double monosomy, which occurred in 15 per cent of nuclei, has important implications for the diagnosis of trisomies and dominant disorders. 相似文献
120.
David M. Mushet Laurie C. Alexander Micah Bennett Kate Schofield Jay R. Christensen Genevieve Ali Amina Pollard Ken Fritz Megan W. Lang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(2):307-317
We describe a collection of aquatic and wetland habitats in an inland landscape, and their occurrence within a terrestrial matrix, as a “freshwater ecosystem mosaic” (FEM). Aquatic and wetland habitats in any FEM can vary widely, from permanently ponded lakes, to ephemerally ponded wetlands, to groundwater‐fed springs, to flowing rivers and streams. The terrestrial matrix can also vary, including in its influence on flows of energy, materials, and organisms among ecosystems. Biota occurring in a specific region are adapted to the unique opportunities and challenges presented by spatial and temporal patterns of habitat types inherent to each FEM. To persist in any given landscape, most species move to recolonize habitats and maintain mixtures of genetic materials. Species also connect habitats through time if they possess needed morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits to persist in a habitat through periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. By examining key spatial and temporal patterns underlying FEMs, and species‐specific adaptations to these patterns, a better understanding of the structural and functional connectivity of a landscape can be obtained. Fully including aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats in FEMs facilitates adoption of the next generation of individual‐based models that integrate the principles of population, community, and ecosystem ecology. 相似文献