Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

两级CSTR亚硝化启动及稳定运行试验研究

采用两级CSTR反应器对实际生活污水亚硝化的启动过程及稳定运行主要影响因素进行了研究.通过向生活污水里投加(NH₄)₂SO₄来提高进水氨氮浓度,并逐渐调整两级反应器的曝气强度至DO浓度分别为(1.5±0.12),(0.35±0.1) mg/L,历经45d即实现了亚硝化的启动,亚硝化率保持在90.3%以上,氨氧化率保持在91.2%以上.低氨氮生活污水运行时,通过第一级反应器中三组DO/ALR的效果对比,表明DO/ALR在1.2~2.0 mg O₂/(gN·d)时亚硝化效果最好.降低氨氮浓度以及增大HRT两种情况下导致ALR改变时,维持上述DO/ALR范围依然可以保证亚硝化的稳定.     

基于SCS水文模型的泥石流预报模型在四川宝兴冷木沟的应用

2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震后,四川省宝兴县冷木沟沟道内新增大量崩塌、滑坡物源,在强降雨的诱发下,极易发生泥石流灾害,且沟口直面县城,直接威胁着整个县城的生命、财产安全。利用SCS水文模型,根据冷木沟流域的地貌特征将其划分成17个子流域,在子流域不同的土地利用数据及水文土壤条件下进行产流、汇流计算,最后通过叠加得到冷木沟流域出口断面的汇流过程;对2012年8月18日发生的泥石流汇流过程进行探讨预测,结果显示,本次泥石流的洪峰流量为278m³/s,泥石流总量为20.2×104m³,计算得到的泥石流总量与实际调查结果的相对误差为7.8%;用同一方法预测2013年5月23日冷木沟支沟黑沟的泥石流汇流过程,计算的洪峰流量为38.2 m³/s,与实际监测值的相对误差为4.2%。说明此模型对于冷木沟流域具有适用性,且效果较好,可用于宝兴县冷木沟泥石流的流量预测及泥石流灾害规模预测,将对宝兴县的泥石流防灾减灾工作提供科学指导。     

Microbiological and mycotoxicological contamination in Slovenian primary grain production

This study was aimed at investigating the contamination of grains, which are grown and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers. A total of 107 samples were examined for mesofilic aerobic molds and yeasts. The leading contaminants among molds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 73 samples, mostly in maize (50). In accordance with the European Feed Microbiology Organisation criteria, 68% of all tested samples were of the quality level I, with normal microbiological flora, and 9% of samples were estimated as quality level IV and not suitable for animal feed. Using liquid and gas chromatography methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed as 12% of moisture content) was found in 77% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (71%) in concentration of 150–14,420 µg kg^?1, followed by zearalenone (32%, 20–640 µg kg^?1), fumonisin B1 (31%, 10–4863 µg kg^?1), fumonisin B2 (22%, 10–1629 µg kg^?1), while HT-2 and T-2 toxins were found in low concentration in two samples, and aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in one sample. By statistical evaluation, significant positive correlations were noted between the presence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone as well as between fumonisin B1 and B2.     

Species diversity variation of Cupressus funebris secondary forest in landslide site after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake北大核心CSCD

The characteristics of species diversity in Cupressus funebris secondary forest under the effect of geological hazard were explored by selecting the typical landslide surface of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County, which was derived from the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that 93 species belonged to 42 families, and 78 genera were found in the landslide area, where the main families were Compositae, Leguminosae, and Gramineae-based. Further, 97 species in the transition area belonged to 39 families and 80 genera, and the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae-based. In all, 108 species were recorded in the non-landslide area, which belonged to 59 families and 92 genera, the main families of which were Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae-based. Compositae and Gramineae played important roles in the landslide recovery process after earthquake. The Pielou index (JSW) was the highest in the non-landslide area of the herb layer, whereas the richness index (D) was the lowest; the Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Simpson index (H') showed medium values. In the non-landslide area, the D, H, and H' were the highest in the shrub layer, whereas the JSW was the lowest. Further, the species diversity index of the transitional area was higher than that of the landslide area. In the tree layer, the D and H were both the highest and lowest in the landslide area and transition area, respectively. In contrast, the H' and JSW were the highest in the transition area and the lowest in the non-landslide area. The distribution of vegetation was generally consistent with the distribution of soil nutrients in the spatial distribution of surface soil nutrients. The succession of trees in the landslide area was relatively slow and at the initial stage, and the pioneer species were Coriaria nepalensis, Leptopus chinensis, and Arthraxon lanceolatus in this area. Taken together, the findings suggested that the stability of a plant community can be increased by improving the soil and stabilizing the slope. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于文本故障视角的通信保障应急预案有效性评估研究

应急通信预案作为应急通信保障的行动纲领,其文本有效性将直接影响预案有效性,进而影响到整个应急救援行动的有效性。针对预案文本有效性问题,从文本故障视角出发,基于故障树分析法构建通信保障应急预案有效性评估模型;采用语句成分分析法和伪代码转换法对预案进行故障形式诊断,结合标准故障树,计算预案的有效性并给出具体评估步骤;最终,通过4个样本预案对模型进行实例分析,结果表明:该模型能够提高预案文本故障的识别效率,对预案的编制或修订具有参考意义。     

计算机软件模拟油罐火灾对环境的影响

通过应用火灾模拟软件FDS,建立了某油库稳定燃烧的数学模型,并研究了在风速为8 m/s的实验条件下,油罐发生火灾时,火焰的发展状况,以及燃烧过程所产生的二氧化碳、一氧化碳和灰尘随时间的变化规律.     

Design study of a 150 kWth double loop circulating fluidized bed reactor system for chemical looping combustion with focus on industrial applicability and pressurization

Nowadays the lab scale feasibility of the chemical looping combustion technology has been proved. This article deals with many of the design requirements that need to be fulfilled to make this technology applicable at industrial scale. A design for a 150 kW_th chemical looping combustion reactor system is proposed. In the base case it is supposed to work with gaseous fuels and inexpensive oxygen carriers derived from industrial by-products or natural minerals. More specifically the fuel will be methane and a manganese ore will be the basis for the oxygen carrier. It is a double loop circulating fluidized bed where both the air reactor and the fuel reactor are capable to work in the fast fluidization regime in order to increase the gas solids contact along the reactor body. High operational flexibility is aimed, in this way it will be possible to run with different fuels and oxygen carriers as well as different operating conditions such as variation in air excess. Compactness is a major goal in order to reduce the required solid material and possibly to enclose the reactor body into a pressurized vessel to investigate the chemical looping combustion under pressurized conditions. The mass and heat balance are described, as well as the hydrodynamic investigations performed. Most design solutions presented are taken from industrial standards as one main objective is to meet commercial requirements.     

基于结构方程模型的安全生产行政执法绩效分析

为加强对企业安全生产的监督和完善行政执法的评估体系,构建了企业安全生产行政执法绩效评估指标体系。利用调查问卷的方式,获得行政执法部门的绩效评价数据。根据结构方程模型(SEM)相关原理设计绩效评价的测量模型,通过AMOS17.0软件对评价体系进行分析,得到各指标的标准化估计值。利用标准化估计值分析各潜变量对企业安全生产执法的影响权重,各观察变量对企业安全生产执法的影响权重,并进行排序,结果显示:行政执法的合法性>执法人员的素质>执法的合理性>执法的文明性>执法的公开性。     

2016—2021年四川省地表水体中铀的放射性水平及健康风险评价

为调查四川省地表水体中放射性物质铀（U）的含量,评价居民摄入地表水体中U导致的健康风险,在四川省主要地表水系中共设置23个监测断面,于2016—2021年检测了U的放射性水平,并根据健康风险评价模型对居民的健康风险进行评估。结果表明：四川省地表水体中U的质量浓度为0.16～3.6 μg/L,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2022）,均合格;不同年份、不同地表水体中U的放射性水平间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同水期U的放射性水平间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。各年龄组通过饮水、水体浸没途径摄入U所致总年均待积有效剂量均＜0.1mSv;对各年龄段居民的总致癌风险为4.18×10^-9 ～2.24×10^-8 ,均低于世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）发布的最严格控制限值。全省主要地表水体中U对各年龄组都是安全的。