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131.
Seasonal differences in the locomotor activity pattern of Podarcis sicula held in constant conditions in the laboratory were found to be associated with systematic differences in both the freerunning period of locomotor rhythms () and the circadian activity time (). In order to establish whether the pineal played a role in the control of seasonal changes in circadian parameters, we examined the effects of pinealectomy in constant conditions on the locomotor behavior of lizards displaying the bimodal activity pattern typical of summer. In most lizards pinealectomy lengthened , shortened and abolished the bimodal activity pattern. Pinealectomy induced a sudden transition from the typical locomotor behavior of summer, characterized by a marked bimodal pattern, short and long , to the typical locomotor behavior of autumn, characterized by a unimodal pattern, a long and short . These results demonstrate that the pineal plays a central role in the seasonal reorganization of the circadian system that occurs in P. sicula. 相似文献
132.
133.
Lucia Bongiorni Federica Fiorentino Rocco Auriemma Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry Elisa Camatti Federica Camin Federica Nasi Marco Pansera Luca Ziller Jacques Grall 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(13):12725-12738
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was used to examine the food web of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, a coastal basin experiencing several anthropogenic impacts. Main food sources (algal detritus, seaweeds, particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM)) and benthic and pelagic consumers were collected during two contrasting seasons (June and April), at four sites distributed over two inlets, and characterized by different level of confinements, anthropogenic inputs and the presence of mussels farming. δ13C values of organic sources revealed an important contribution of POM to both planktonic and benthic pathways, as well as the influence of terrigenous inputs within both inlets, probably due to high seasonal land runoff. Although δ13C of both sources and consumers varied little between sampling sites and dates, δ15N spatial variability was higher and clearly reflected the organic enrichment in the second inlet as well as the uptake of anthropogenically derived material by benthic consumers. On the other hand, within the first inlet, the isotopic composition of consumers did not change in response to chemical contamination. However, the impact of polluted sediments near the Navy Arsenal in the first inlet was detectable at the level of the macrobenthic trophic structure, showing high dominance of motile, upper level consumers capable to face transient conditions and the reduction of the more resident deposit feeders. We therefore underline the great potential of matching stable isotope analysis with quantitative studies of community structure to assess the effects of multiple anthropogenic stressors. 相似文献
134.
135.
Assessment of Water Supply as an Ecosystem Service in a Rural-Urban Watershed in Southwestern Mexico City 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jujnovsky J González-Martínez TM Cantoral-Uriza EA Almeida-Leñero L 《Environmental management》2012,49(3):690-702
Studies from the ecosystem services perspective can provide a useful framework because they allow us to fully examine the
benefits that humans obtain from socio-ecological systems. Mexico City, the second largest city in the world, has faced severe
problems related to water shortages, which have worsened due to increasing population. Demand for space has forced changes
in land cover, including covering areas that are essential for groundwater recharge. The city has 880 km2 of forest areas that are crucial for the water supply. The Magdalena River Watershed was chosen as a model because it is
a well-preserved zone within Mexico City and it provides water for the population. The general aim of this study was to assess
the ecosystem service of the water supply in the Magdalena River Watershed by determining its water balance (SWAT model) and
the number of beneficiaries of the ecosystem services. The results showed that the watershed provides 18.4 hm3 of water per year. Baseflow was dominant, with a contribution of 85%, while surface runoff only accounted for 15%. The zone
provides drinking water to 78,476 inhabitants and could supply 153,203 potential beneficiaries. This work provides an example
for understanding how ecosystem processes determine the provision of ecosystem services and benefits to the population in
a rural–urban watershed in Mexico City. 相似文献
136.
Nicole Pacini Antonia Concetta Elia Maria Cesarina Abete Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr Paola Brizio Laura Gasco Marzia Righetti Marino Prearo 《Chemosphere》2013
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selenium on concentrations of metabolites and enzyme activities acting as antioxidant markers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. Sturgeons were fed selenium cysteine for 30 and 60 d at 1.25, 5, 20 mg Se kg−1. Selenium level in the control feed was 0.32 mg kg−1. Se concentration was measured in liver, kidney and muscle of every specimen. Sturgeon accumulated Se in tissues with a clear dose-response relationship and the highest Se concentration was recorded in liver. This outcome is lined up with the findings obtained on the antioxidant markers evaluated in both tissues, and in which a dose-response for several biomarkers was recorded in liver. The superoxide dismutase activity in Se-treated fish was generally induced, while catalase activity was lower in liver or unaltered in kidney. The concentrations of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione responded differently for both tissues and were induced in a different way at both endpoints. No changes of glyoxalase I activity were noted for both Se-treated tissues, while for glyoxalase II enzyme in liver a dose-related pattern was found showing a reversible effect (decreased and increased counteractive response) only in the 5 mg kg−1 group. Moreover, the highest Se concentrations did not cause marked changes in malondialdehyde levels of liver and kidney. The enhancement of glutathione peroxidase activity in Se-treated sturgeon might have prevented the lipid peroxidation in both tissues, providing to the Siberian sturgeon a great defense ability versus the prooxidant effect of selenium. 相似文献
137.
Pochop J Kačániová M Hleba L Lopasovský L Bobková A Zeleňáková L Stričík M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(3):212-216
The aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready-to-eat food with Listeria monocytogenes by using the Step One real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used the PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for isolation of DNA and MicroSEQ? Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit for the real-time PCR performance. In 30 samples of ready-to-eat milk and meat products without incubation we detected strains of Listeria monocytogenes in five samples (swabs). Internal positive control (IPC) was positive in all samples. Our results indicated that the real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food without incubation. 相似文献
138.
Viñas L Franco A Blanco X Bargiela J Soriano JA Perez-Fernandez B Gonzalez JJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):529-539
The aim of this study was to establish the temporal trends and spatial distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
in Ria de Vigo by means of studying the PAH burden in wild mussels. The samples were collected in eight sites along the margins
of the Ria de Vigo during November from 1998 to 2008 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contents were determined using high
performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence derivatization (HPLC–FLD). Quality of chemical analysis was guaranteed by participation
in QUASIMEME intercalibration exercises carried out during the period of analysis. The concentrations for the sum of 13 PAHs
were in the range 24–480 μg/kg dw, typical of an urban and industrialized area (50–500 μg/kg dw) except for a punctual input
in La Guía in 1998 that led to a concentration above 1,000 μg/kg dw. In general, the sites in the outermost section of the
estuary (ría) showed the lowest values, with an increasing gradient in the medium and inner parts of the ría. Temporal patterns
show, in general, a downward trend. The relative proportion of 3 and 4 ring PAHs also varies with the site, the former being
predominant in the outermost area and the latter in the medium and inner parts of the ría. This is consistently related with
the sources and processes taking place in different areas of the estuary. 相似文献
139.
Villarini M Moretti M Dominici L Fatigoni C Dörr AJ Elia AC Monarca S 《Chemosphere》2011,84(10):1521-1526
A sensitive and rapid method to evaluate toxic and genotoxic properties of drinking water supplied from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Central Italy) was worked out analysing bile in Cyprinus carpio exposed for 20 d to lake water treated with 3 different disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and peracetic acid (PAA). Fish were sacrificed at 0, 10 and 20 d in order to investigate the time course of these endpoints. An aliquot of bile samples was fractionated by adsorption on C18 silica cartridges and the genotoxic potential of whole bile and of bile fractions was evaluated by the single-cell microgel-electrophoresis (comet) assay on human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Bile (both whole and fractionated) from specimens exposed to the three disinfectants always showed a genotoxic activity as compared to the control group. The results of this study provide evidence that all three disinfectants cause an increase in bile genotoxicity of chronically exposed fish. 相似文献
140.
Public concerns over the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are growing due to the rapid development of nanotechnology. An important mechanism of nanotoxicity is oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the chemical production of ROS by inorganic NPs oxidizing the mammalian phenolic compound, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) was evaluated using a ROS sensitive dye, 2′,7′-diclorodihydrofluorescin (DCFH). CeO2, Fe2O3 and Fe0 NPs enhanced ROS production during the autoxidation of l-dopa by more than four-fold in reactions that were dependent on O2. This is the first report of chemical ROS production due to interaction of phenolic compounds with NPs. Mn2O3 oxidized DCFH in a reaction that did not require O2 or l-dopa, suggesting a direct redox reaction between the Mn2O3 and the dye. CeO2, Mn2O3 and to a lesser extent Fe0 formed clear electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signature for hydroxyl radicals when incubated in aerobic aqueous suspensions with spin traps. The results indicate that NPs can generate ROS via chemical reactions with medium components and biomolecules susceptible to oxidation, such as l-dopa. NPs were reactive whereas micron-sized particles were not. The combined assay with l-dopa and DCFH is a method proposed to screen for chemical ROS production by NPs. 相似文献