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M. Gristina M. Sinopoli F. Fiorentino G. Garofalo F. Badalamenti 《Marine Biology》2011,158(6):1331-1337
The skill of recognizing and reacting to predators is often based on a learned component. Few studies have examined the role
of learning in spiny lobster anti-predator behavior. We investigated whether European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) shelter selection is influenced by olfactory stimuli released by one of the most common lobster predators, the common octopus
(Octopus vulgaris), and whether the behavioral response to octopus chemical stimuli is innate or influenced by experience. In experimental
arenas, we conditioned wild-caught lobsters with three levels of predation threat: no threat, with no predator–prey interaction;
medium threat, with odor and visual predator cues only; high threat, active predation risk. We subsequently tested the shelter
choice of the conditioned lobster under different experimental conditions: (1) shelter plus seawater; (2) shelter plus seawater
plus chemical octopus cue. Our results showed significant differences in mean shelter occupancy with conditioning level. We
conclude that P. elephas individuals use chemosensory systems in predator-avoidance mechanisms. Moreover, lobsters subject to a training period of
high-level predation threat were able to learn the octopus chemical stimuli and treat its odor as a cue related to predation
risk. The findings relative to the spiny lobster learning abilities could be an important tool for future management of lobster
populations, e.g., by re-introduction of reared juveniles, which have not yet experienced predation. 相似文献
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Antonino Fiorentino Giuliana De Luc Luigi Rizzo Giacomo Viccione Giusy Lofrano Maurizio Carotenuto 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):95-104
The fate of indigenous surface-water and wastewater antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope stream simulated through a hydraulic channel was investigated in outdoor experiments.The effect of(i) natural(dark) decay,(ii) sunlight,(iii) cloudy cover,(iv) adsorption to the sediment,(v) hydraulic conditions,(vi) discharge of urban wastewater treatment plant(UWTP)effluent and(vii) bacterial species(presumptive Escherichia coli and enterococci) was evaluated.Half-life time(T1/2) of E. coli under sunlight was in the range 6.48–27.7 min(initial bacterial concentration of 10~5 CFU/mL) depending on hydraulic and sunlight conditions. E. coli inactivation was quite similar in sunny and cloudy day experiments in the early 2 hr, despite of the light intensity gradient was in the range of 15–59 W/m~2; but subsequently the inactivation rate decreased in the cloudy day experiment(T1/2= 23.0 min) compared to sunny day(T_(1/2)= 17.4 min). The adsorption of bacterial cells to the sediment(biofilm) increased in the first hour and then was quite stable for the remaining experimental time. Finally, when the discharge of an UWTP effluent in the stream was simulated, the proportion of indigenous antibiotic resistant E. coli and enterococci was found to increase as the exposure time increased, thus showing a higher resistance to solar inactivation compared to the respective total populations. 相似文献
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POEMS: A Case Study of an Italian Wine-Producing Firm 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Over the last decade, researchers paid much attention to concepts such as Design for Environment, Extended Producer Responsibility,
Responsible Chain Management, and Eco-design. Many management tools and standards (such as EMAS, ISO 14001, LCA, EPD, Ecolabel)
have been developed to support companies in the evaluation and management of their environmental performance and to pursue
continual environmental improvement. The more recent development of the aforesaid fields looks at interorganizational environmental
management. Such an approach can complement the more traditional intraorganizational corporate environmental management approaches
and tools. A typical example of this new trend is the Product Oriented Environmental Management System (POEMS), which represents
the natural evolution of the above-mentioned tools, combining the features of EMS, EPD and Ecolabel. Although the structure
of the POEMS is still not standardized, many experimental applications have yet been carried out in Europe. In developing
a POEMS, a company needs to determine all of the environmental impacts caused at all life-cycle stages of the product and,
ideally, to reduce all of them through a continual commitment. The aim of the present study was to perform a survey of the
developed POEMS models and to analyze their peculiarities and drawbacks in the application to Small and Medium Enterprises.
A case study regarding an Italian winery company is presented. The study analyzes the structure and the activities of the
examined firm, in order to estimate direct and indirect environmental impacts following a life-cycle approach. The chosen
functional unit is a 0.75-L bottle of red wine. The article also suggests some solutions to improve the environmental performances
of the firm’s products. 相似文献
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Penna Nadia Coscarella Francesco D’Ippolito Antonino Gaudio Roberto 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(2-3):619-644
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Flume experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of streambed instability in channels with randomly-distributed vegetation, varying vegetation density and... 相似文献
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Montano Luigi Donato Francesco Bianco Pietro Massimiliano Lettieri Gennaro Guglielmino Antonino Motta Oriana Bonapace Ian Marc Piscopo Marina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37031-37040
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The epidemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted worldwide with its infectious spread and mortality... 相似文献
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Belviso Claudia Montano Pietro Lettino Antonio Toschi Francesco Lambertini Vito Guido Veca Antonino D. Moschetto Elisabetta Cavalcante Francesco Guarnaccio Ambra 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(3):965-975
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this work, the effectiveness of a rapid recycling method of waste polypropylene (WPP) with the addition of inorganic fillers was investigated.... 相似文献