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71.
Ochoa-Hueso R Allen EB Branquinho C Cruz C Dias T Fenn ME Manrique E Pérez-Corona ME Sheppard LJ Stock WD 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2265-2279
We review the ecological consequences of N deposition on the five Mediterranean regions of the world. Seasonality of precipitation and fires regulate the N cycle in these water-limited ecosystems, where dry N deposition dominates. Nitrogen accumulation in soils and on plant surfaces results in peaks of availability with the first winter rains. Decoupling between N flushes and plant demand promotes losses via leaching and gas emissions. Differences in P availability may control the response to N inputs and susceptibility to exotic plant invasion. Invasive grasses accumulate as fuel during the dry season, altering fire regimes. California and the Mediterranean Basin are the most threatened by N deposition; however, there is limited evidence for N deposition impacts outside of California. Consequently, more research is needed to determine critical loads for each region and vegetation type based on the most sensitive elements, such as changes in lichen species composition and N cycling. 相似文献
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Ali Jamshidparvar Faramin Javandel Alireza Seidavi Francisco Peña Blanco Andrés L. Martínez Marín Carmen Avilés Ramírez Estrella Agüera Buendía Nieves Núñez-Sánchez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23571-23577
Increasing levels of Heracleum persicum (golpar) in drinking water were studied in broilers. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male chickens were allocated to one of six treatments: control, without added phytogenics nor probiotics in drinking water, and probiotics at recommended manufacturer’s level (P) or 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ml/l of golpar extract solution (G1, G1.5, G2, and G2.5 treatments, respectively) in drinking water. As a result of this study, no linear or quadratic trends in the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) due to golpar supplementation were found. Body weight gain, final body weight, and relative carcass weight showed a positive linear response with increasing levels of golpar supplementation. Neither golpar nor probiotics had effects on the percentages of edible parts of the carcass. Golpar supplementation levels caused a linear negative response of the albumin content in blood plasma, whereas both abdominal fat as percentage of carcass weight and uric acid levels in blood plasma linearly increased. The effects on Ig responses were only observed at 42 days of age and were similar in probiotics and the highest level of golpar supplementation. Based on our results, both probiotics and golpar supplementation could improve broiler performance and immune function. 相似文献
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77.
Marcela Rodrigues De Camargo Luís Fernando Barbisan Meire França Martinez Carla Adriene Da Silva Franchi João Lauro Viana De Camargo Ana Lúcia Tozzi Spinardi-Barbisan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):607-613
The noxious effects of low or effective dose exposure to single or mixed pesticides on macrophage activity and the lymphohematopoietic organs were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally exposed to dichlorvos, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin and permethrin, either as single or combined mixtures during a 28-day study containing eight groups: one group received a semipurified diet (non-treated); two groups received a semipurified diet containing low dose mixture (dieldrin 0.025 mg/kg, endosulfan, 0.6 mg/kg, dicofol 0.22 mg/kg, dichlorvos 0.23 mg/kg, permethrin 5 mg/kg) or an effective dose mixture (dichlorvos 2.3 mg/kg, dicofol 2.5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2.9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0.05 mg/kg and permethrin 25.0 mg/kg), respectively; the other five groups received a semipurified diet containing each single pesticide in effective doses. At sacrifice, the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Payer's patches and bone marrow were removed for histological analysis. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained to determine the phagocytosis and spreading indexes and tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 production. Exposure to pesticide mixtures did not alter the percentage of macrophage phagocytosis and spreading, TNF-α production or the NO and H2O2 release when compared to the non-treated group. Neither was there any apparent evidence that a pesticide mixture at low or effective doses altered the histological structure of the lymphohematopoietic organs. The findings indicate that short-term treatment with pesticide mixtures did not induce an apparent immunotoxic effect in male Wistar rats. 相似文献
78.
Study of the presence of fluorine in the recycled fractions during carbothermal treatment of EAF dust 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Menad N Ayala JN Garcia-Carcedo F Ruiz-Ayúcar E Hernández A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(6):483-491
Carbothermal treatment tests of electric arc furnace dusts (EAFD) using the Waelz kiln process were carried out in pilot-scale for the production of zinc oxide. The association of halides in the EAFD, and the recycled products, such as zinc oxide fumes and high-grade iron contents fractions were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. XRD reveals the presence of chlorine and fluorine in the dusts in the form of KCl, NaCl and CaF2. An ultra-pure fraction of zinc was obtained after the Double Leaching Waelz Oxide (DLWO) process was performed on the zinc oxide fumes. The halide contents were reduced to approximately 100 ppm Cl and 700 ppm F. The rest of these elements are in the form of CaF2. About 65% F is volatilised as lead and zinc fluorides, 15% is expected in the magnetic fractions and 20% in non-magnetic fractions as CaF2 and MnF2, respectively. 相似文献
79.
Potentiometric mass titration (PMT) technique has been adapted to determine the pH
pzc of four vegetable wastes: grape stalks, cork, yohimbe bark and olive stones wastes used for Cu(II) removal. The pH at the
point zero charge (pH
pzc), determined by PMT, are compared with that obtained by two classical techniques: mass titration (MT) and immersion technique
(IT). PMT has been found to be an easy and appropriate technique to determine pH
pzc of the studied materials. From the results, the knowledge of sorbents pH
pzc provides information about the possible attraction and repulsion between sorbent and sorbate but in any case enables to ensure
that electrostatic force is one of the mechanisms that takes place in metal sorption. 相似文献
80.
Nelzair A. Vianna Daniel Gonçalves Flavia Brandão Roberta P. de Barros Gilberto M. Amado Filho Rodrigo O. Meire João Paulo M. Torres Olaf Malm Argemiro D’Oliveira Júnior Leonardo R. Andrade 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(3):416-427