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531.
Thomas Hari Roland von Arx Hans Ulrich Ammon Georg Karlaganis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1996,3(1):32-38
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the “clearance concept” as a tool for describing the behavior of xenobiotic movement into and through soils. As an example, degradation of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) with the formation of metabolites 2-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (desethylatrazine) and 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-s-triazine (desisopropylatrazine) was investigated. Atrazine was sprayed post-emergently in doses of 0.125 or 0.5 g active ingredient/m2 each on four test plots. Soil type was a sandy-loam, on which corn (Zea mays L.) was cultivated. Soil samples were taken as cores of 0.2 m depth 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after application of atrazine, and analyzed by HPLC. Soil concentrations of atrazine were highly correlated (r=0.993, p< 0.001) between the two applications of 0.125 g/m2 and 0.5 g/m2. Up to 50% of the atrazine was measured as metabolites during the whole vegetation period. Clearance of atrazine from soil was calculated as the total load of atrazine divided by the area under the soil atrazine concentration time curve. Soil atrazine clearance was calculated as 5.13 +/? SD 1.10 and 5.17 +/? SD 1.02 liter of soil per day for doses of 0.125 g/m2 and 0.5 g/m2, respectively (from a “soil unit” of 1 × 1 × 0.2 meter). The clearance concept might be a tool for risk assessment of xenobiotics. 相似文献
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Wolf von Tümpling Peter Zeilhofer Ulrich Ammer Jürgen Einax Rolf -D. Wilken 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(4):225-228
As in many other parts of the world, gold is produced in the surface mining region of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using mercury.
The goal of this investigation was to estimate the amount of mercury in certain tailings and to determine the area of the
land that has been contaminated by the gold mining operations. Mercury concentrations from 2 to 495 ng/g (dw) were determined
in the tailing materials. It was observed that only isolated sites were acting as central points of contamination. Using digital
Landsat satellite data (The-matic Mapper) and aerial photos, the sites degraded by the mining were classified, and their total
area was estimated to be 12.3 km2 in the region of Poconé. It was estimated, that 4.9 km2 were occupied by the contaminated tailings. The mean height of the pile slags was determined to be 4.5 m. From the experimentally
calculated average density of the material in the tailings, 2.01 g/cm3, the total mercury content in the piles of tailings was estimated to be 1600 ± 350 kg. 相似文献
534.
von Tiedemann A Weigel HJ Jäger HJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1991,72(3):205-224
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12.4 to 122 microg m(-3)), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f.sp. tritici Marchal) which developed during the exposure period was significantly enhanced from 0.3/0.6% (two chamber replicates), 1.2/2.1%, 0.9/2.2% in charcoal-filtered air (CF) to 1.5/1.6%, 3.7/4.3%, 4.4/4.6% at the highest level of ozone, on the flag leaf, second and third leaf position, respectively. Post-exposure inoculation with Septoria nodorum Berk. led to increases of disease severity on the flag leaf from 40.9/43.6% in CF to 66.3/70.6% at the highest ozone concentration and on the ears from 15.7/16.5% to 26.3/26.6%. In the same comparison, severity of spot blotch following inoculation with Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. (syn. Helminthosporium sativum Pamm., King et Bakke) was increased on the flag leaf from 3.6/8.9% to 12.3/23.4%. The three diseases examined correlated significantly with the ozone treatments in fumigated chambers. Disease severity was enhanced even on undamaged plant tissue (flag leaves). Infections of the two facultative pathogens on lower leaf positions started only in part from visible ozone lesions, mildew did not start from such lesions. No significant effects of ozone in the chambers on the saprobial colonization of the phyllosphere were detected, whereas there were marked differences in this respect between plants from the field and the chambers. At the highest ozone treatment, contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids on the second leaf position declined significantly, which was associated with symptoms of premature senescence. Senescing effects of ozone are therefore assumed to be one major factor in predisposing wheat for necrotrophic leaf pathogens. Surprisingly, injurious and predisposing effects of ozone were completely absent in chambers supplied with non-filtered air containing ambient ozone at doses equivalent to those in CF + ozone chambers. Evidently, biological effects of ozone in pure air and in ambient air may differ markedly. 相似文献
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Zusammengestellt von G. H. Altenmüller 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1999,86(3):152-154
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献