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71.
Suzuki Y Nakamura M Otsuka Y Suzuki N Ohyama K Kawakami T Sato K Kajita S Hishiyama S Fujii T Takahashi A Katayama Y 《Chemosphere》2011,83(6):868-872
We characterized the ability of the cell free extract from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins degrading bacterium Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 to reduce even highly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins such as octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in incineration fly ash. The degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) as a model dioxin catalyzed by the cell free extract from this strain implicates that the ether bonds of 2,7-DCDD molecule undergo reductive cleavage, since 4′,5-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 4-chlorophenol were detected as intermediate products of 2,7-DCDD degradation. 相似文献
72.
Takahiro Ishizaka Susumu Tohno Chang-Jin Ma Atsushi Morikawa Masaki Takaoka Fumitaka Nishiyama Kouhei Yamamoto 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(16):2550-2560
During the transboundary transport of anthropogenic heavy metals by mineral particles providing reaction sites, the divalent metal salt PbSO4 can be converted to PbCO3 in the presence of water. We carried out laboratory experiments to study the transformation process under various conditions by incorporating test particles comprising CaCO3 of a particulate mineral component, PbSO4, and NaCl. After the immersion of PbSO4 particles in contact with CaCO3 particles in a water droplet, the conversion of PbSO4 into PbCO3 was confirmed by the change in morphology of the original particles to stick or needle form; the percentages of the chemical forms relative to the total Pb were determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis. Approximately 60–80% of PbSO4 was converted to PbCO3 after 24 h. A small amount of stick particles was detected when NaCl particles attached to PbSO4/CaCO3 particles were exposed to air with a relative humidity (RH) of 80–90% for 24 h. XANES measurements of the samples revealed that the molar percentage of PbCO3 relative to the total Pb content was 4%.Field experiments were also conducted to determine the chemical forms of the Pb particles during the Kosa (Asian dust storm) event. Samples were collected from two remote sites in Japan and Korea. The mass size distribution of Pb aerosols collected in Japan was bimodal with two peaks in the coarse mode; the enrichment factor of Pb suggested that its source was anthropogenic. Pb L3 edge XANES measurements of both samples indicated that they had similar shapes. These measurements also indicated that the major Pb components for the samples collected in Japan were PbO, PbSO4 PbCl2, and PbCO3, with molar percentages of 44%, 30%, 21%, and 5%, respectively. No significant differences were found between the component ratios of the samples collected in Japan and Korea, suggesting that definite transformation did not occur during the transport of the Kosa particles from Korea to Japan. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that the transformation process either occurred mainly before the particles arrived at Korea or did not take place after the particles left continental Asia. 相似文献
73.
Noriyoshi Kakuta Atsushi Shimizu Hironobu Ohkita Takanori Mizushima 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):23-26
The dehydrochlorination behavior of plasticizer (DOP) and inorganic filler (CaCO3) contained in PVC samples and the properties of the activated carbons produced from those carbon residues have been investigated.
In the dehydrochlorination process, both additives contributed not only to a decrease in HCl yield but also to the prolonged
evolution of HCl. Part of the Cl species were observed to be stabilized as CaCl2 by reaction with calcium ions when CaCO3 was added. More than 80% of chlorine removal was achieved in all samples at 533 K. The use of potassium as an activation
agent led to the production of activated carbon with a specific surface area greater than 1000 m2/g at the low temperature of 1023 K and assisted also in the elimination of residual Cl species by the formation of KCl during
activation.
Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6 相似文献
74.
Anaerobic biodegradation of 4-alkylphenols in a paddy soil microcosm supplemented with nitrate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anaerobic degradation of phenol, p-cresol, 4-n-propylphenol (n-PP), 4-i-propylphenol (i-PP), 4-n-butylphenol (n-BP) and 4-sec-butylphenol (sec-BP) was observed in a paddy soil supplemented with nitrate. We detected the metabolites 4′-hydroxypropiophenone (HPP) from n-PP, 4-i-propenylphenol from i-PP, and 4-(1-butenyl)phenol and 4′-hydroxybutyrophenone (HBP) from n-BP. Compared with the original soils, Betaproteobacteria became predominant in the microcosm during the degradation of phenol and p-cresol whereas no remarkable change was observed in the community degrading propylphenols and butylphenols. The microcosm, however, did not degrade 4-t-butylphenol (t-BP), 4-t-octylphenol (t-OP) and 4-n-octylphenol (n-OP). Paddy soil supplemented with sulfate or iron (III) as electron acceptors did not degrade phenol and 4-alkylphenols with the exception of the degradation of p-cresol in sulfate-reducing conditions. It was demonstrated for the first time that anaerobic microbial degradation of alkylphenols, in a paddy soil supplemented with nitrate as an electron acceptor, occurred via oxidation of the alpha carbon in the alkyl chain. 相似文献
75.
Masami Fukushima Xuefei Tu Apichaya Aneksampant Atsushi Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):176-184
Parameters that affect the degree of humification for humic substances (HSs) are deeply related to the maturity of the compost. In general, the matured composts contain HSs with a higher degree of humification. In addition, microbial activities during composting are also one of the indices for compost maturation. Branched-chain fatty acids are metabolites as the result of microbial activities in a soil environment. Such branched-chain fatty acids, regarded as humic precursors, are incorporated into HSs during the composting process. To determine whether branched-chain fatty acids in HSs can be used as biomarkers during composting processes or not, HSs were extracted from three types of composts with the different maturation, and the branched-chain fatty acids in the HSs were analyzed by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH-py–GC/MS). HSs with a higher degree of humification (higher aromaticity and lower molecular weight) contained higher levels of branched-chain fatty acids. These results show that branched-chain fatty acids in HSs from matured compost samples can be used as biomarkers, which indicate the history of microbial activities during overall composting process. 相似文献
76.
Yuji Ijiri Hiromitsu Saegusa Atsushi Sawada Makoto Ono Kunio Watanabe Kenzi Karasaki Christine Doughty Michito Shimo Kenichi Fumimura 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,103(3-4):168-181
Qualitative evaluation of the effects of uncertainties originating from scenario development, modeling approaches, and parameter values is an important subject in the area of safety assessment for high-level nuclear waste disposal sites. In this study, regional-scale groundwater flow analyses for the Tono area, Japan were conducted using three continuous models designed to handle heterogeneous porous media. We evaluated the simulation results to quantitatively analyze uncertainties originating from modeling approaches. We found that porous media heterogeneity is the main factor which causes uncertainties. We also found that uncertainties originating from modeling approaches greatly depend on the types of hydrological structures and heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity values in the domain assigned by modelers. Uncertainties originating from modeling approaches decrease as the amount of labor and time spent increase, and iterations between investigation and analyses increases. 相似文献
77.
Kimiyo Kumagai Akihiro Iijima Hiroshi Tago Atsushi Tomioka Kunihisa Kozawa Kazuhiko Sakamoto 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(21):3345-3351
An investigation of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in atmospheric particles was conducted as an index of the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from April 2005 to March 2006 at Maebashi and Akagi located in the inland Kanto plain in Japan. Fine (<2.1 μm) and coarse (2.1–11 μm) particles were collected by using an Andersen low-volume air sampler, and WSOC, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and ionic components were measured. The mean mass concentrations of the fine particles were 22.2 and 10.5 μg m?3 at Maebashi and Akagi, respectively. The WSOC in fine particles accounted for a large proportion (83%) of total WSOC. The concentration of fine WSOC ranged from 1.2 to 3.5 μg-C m?3 at Maebashi, rising from summer to fall. At Akagi, it rose from spring to summer, associated with the southerly wind from urban areas. The WSOC/OC ratio increased in summer at both sites, but the ratio at Akagi was higher, which we attributed to differences in primary emissions and secondary formation between the sites. The fine WSOC concentration was significantly positively correlated with concentrations of SO42?, EC, and K+, and we inferred that WSOC was produced by photochemical reaction and caused by the combustion of both fuel and biomass. We estimated that SOA accounted for 11–30% of the fine particle mass concentration in this study, suggesting that SOA is a significant year-round component in fine particles. 相似文献
78.
Kuwahara C Fukumoto A Nishina M Sugiyama H Anzai Y Kato F 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(2):138-144
A filamentous soil bacterium, strain K202, was isolated from soil where an edible mushroom (Boletopsis leucomelas) was growing and identified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces on the basis of its morphological characteristics and the presence of LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. We studied the existence states of Cs and its migration from extracellular to intracellular fluid in the mycelia of Streptomyces sp. K202. The results indicated that Cs accumulated in the cells through at least 2 steps: in the first step, Cs+ was immediately and non-specifically adsorbed on the negatively charged cell surface, and in the second step, this adsorbed Cs+ was taken up into the cytoplasm, and a part of the Cs entering the cytoplasm was taken up by an energy-dependent transport system(s). Further, we confirmed that a part of the Cs+ was taken up into the mycelia competitively with K+, because K+ uptake into the intact mycelia of the strain was significantly inhibited by the presence of Cs+ in the culture media. This suggested that part of the Cs is transported by the potassium transport system. Moreover, 133Cs-NMR spectra and SEM-EDX spectra of the mycelia that accumulated Cs showed the presence of at least 2 intracellular Cs states: Cs+ trapped by intercellular materials such as polyphosphate and Cs+ present in a cytoplasmic pool. 相似文献
79.
Although earlier studies have demonstrated an association between neighbourhood perceptions and self-rated health, further study is needed regarding how this association is related to an individual's psychological attributes. Hence, we examined how self-rated health is associated with neighbourhood satisfaction after controlling for personality traits as well as other individual- and area-level covariates. We employed multilevel analysis using microdata collected from a nationwide Internet survey in Japan in 2011 (N = 8139). When controlling for personality traits, we observed that the odds for reporting poor health in response to neighbourhood dissatisfaction declined but remained highly significant. We obtained similar results when additionally controlling for sense of coherence (SOC) or replacing personality traits with it. We also found virtually no significant effect of personality traits or SOC on the sensitivity of self-rated health with neighbourhood dissatisfaction. Overall, this study indicated that the observed association between neighbourhood satisfaction and self-rated health tends to be overestimated, but cannot be fully explained by personality traits or SOC. 相似文献
80.
Jan Pana Rabatho William Tongamp Yasushi Takasaki Kazutoshi Haga Atsushi Shibayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(2):171-178
This paper describes a hydrometallurgical process for recovering neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) from a magnetic waste sludge generated from the Nd–Fe–B(–Dy) manufacturing process. Phase analysis by XRD study revealed Nd(OH)3 and Fe2O3 as main mineral phases, and chemical analysis by ICP showed the contents of 35.1 wt% Nd, 29.5 wt% Fe, 1.1 wt% Dy and 0.5 wt% B. A solution of 1 M HNO3 + 0.3 M H2O2 was used to dissolve up to 98 % Nd and 81 % Dy, while keeping Fe dissolution below 15 % within 10 min. Fe dissolved in solution was completely removed as Fe(OH)3 at pH 3 followed by precipitation of Nd and Dy with oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and recovered 91.5 % of Nd and 81.8 % of Dy from solution. The precipitate containing Nd and Dy was calcined at 800 °C to obtain Nd2O3 as final product with 68 % purity, and final recovery of 69.7 % Nd and 51 % of Dy was reported in this process. 相似文献