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Norasmah Basari Benita C. Laird-Hopkins Ana B. Sendova-Franks Nigel R. Franks 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(7):549-556
Tandem running is a recruitment strategy whereby one ant leads a single naïve nest mate to a resource. While tandem running progresses towards the goal, the leader ant and the follower ant maintain contact mainly by tactile signals. In this paper, we investigated whether they also deposit chemical signals on the ground during tandem running. We filmed tandem-running ants and analysed the position of the gasters of leaders and followers. Our results show that leader ants are more likely to press their gasters down to the substrate compared to follower ants, single ants and transporter ants. Forward tandem-run leaders (those moving towards a new nest site) performed such trail-marking procedures three times more often than reverse tandem leaders (those moving towards an old nest site). That leader ants marked the trails more often during forward tandem runs may suggest that it is more important to maintain the bond with the follower ant on forward tandem runs than on reverse tandem runs. Marked trails on the ground may serve as a safety line that improves both the efficiency of tandem runs and their completion rates. 相似文献
454.
为研究淹水条件下光照对土-水界面磷释放的影响,以三峡库区消落带典型土壤为对象,通过室内自然光照试验,讨论了铁还原及有机质降解对磷释放的影响,分析光照对淹水土壤磷释放的影响机制.结果表明,光照对淹水土壤磷释放存在一定程度的抑制作用,光照作用下淹水紫色潮土上覆水体中TP浓度范围为0.018~0.033 mg·L-1,避光处理为0.02~0.057mg·L-1,灰棕紫泥光照下TP浓度范围为0.028~0.045 mg·L-1,避光处理为0.04~0.084 mg·L-1.光照引起淹水土壤中铁氧化物的变化可能是光照抑制磷释放的重要原因.光照导致土壤中铁氧化物饱和程度降低,铁还原和无定形铁生成受阻进一步加深了光照对磷释放的抑制影响.CO2和CH4反映淹水土壤有机质分解情况,光照降低有机碳的转化效率,加速土壤中无机电子受体的消耗,解释了光照作用下铁氧化物的变化.由此可见,光照对淹水土壤磷释放的抑制与淹水土壤中铁还原和有机质分解密切相关. 相似文献
455.
分析了硫黄生产过程的危险性,并针对生产过程中高压、有毒、易燃易爆、腐蚀的特点,提出了预防措施。 相似文献
456.
以辽宁某化工污染场地为研究对象,结合场地调查结果,应用地下水模型系统软件(GMS)中的MODFLOW和RT3D模型,建立了地下水中污染物的数值模型,探讨其迁移传输及排泄通量。根据模拟结果,地下水中苯、二氯苯和三氯苯的污染羽约在20年后达到动态平衡,污染羽不再随时间变化,污染物的自然衰减速率与污染源释放速率达到平衡。排泄通量估算表明:地下水向河流排泄的量在20年时达到稳定,地下水中苯、二氯苯和三氯苯向河流的排泄通量分别为每天180 g、6 100 g和5.5 g。由于污染物会导致污染生态环境和健康风险,建议从控制污染源、实施污染源区修复和切断迁移传输途径等多种措施控制风险。 相似文献
457.
中国红十字会是中国整体灾害应急体系的重要组成部分,建立健全红十字会应急体系建设对备灾、应急工作至关重要。中国红十字会应急体系建设主要包括红十字会应急预案、应急物资储备系统、应急救援队伍、应急宣传培训与演练、信息传递系统等。红十字会应急体系建设也存在应急预案的不健全和缺乏针对性、物资储备系统有待健全、应急队伍建设有待加强、应急救护体系不协调等不足。本文从改革和健全红十字会应急预案、大力发展红十字应急组织、深入推进红十字会物资储备库建设、普及全民应急救护、健全红十字应急网络、学习西方国家经验等方面提出加强红十字会灾害应急工作的对策建议。 相似文献
458.
根据昆明市2004-2013年空气自动站监测数据,对昆明市空气质量,污染物年际变化、季节变化、空间变化特征进行了研究。分析了影响昆明市空气质量的地理气象因素、污染排放因素、污染物远程输送因素。提出了相应的防治对策和建议。 相似文献
459.
A. Béji-Hamza H. Khélifi-Gharbi M. Hassine-Zaafrane S. Della Libera M. Iaconelli M. Muscillo S. Petricca A. R. Ciccaglione R. Bruni S. Taffon M. Equestre M. Aouni G. La Rosa 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(4):246-252
Hepatitis A causes substantial morbidity in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries and represents an important health problem in several southern Mediterranean countries. The objectives of the study were as follows: (a) to assess the occurrence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Tunisia through the monitoring of urban wastewaters collected at wastewater treatment plants (WTPs); (b) to characterize environmental strains; and (c) to estimate the viral load in raw and treated sewages, in order to evaluate the potential impact on superficial waters receiving discharges. A total of 150 raw and treated wastewaters were collected from three WTPs and analyzed by both qualitative (RT-PCR/nested) and quantitative (qRT-PCR) methods. Of these, 100 (66 %) were found to be positive for HAV by the qualitative assay: 68.3 % in influents and 64.7 % in effluents. The vast majority of HAV sequences belonged to sub-genotype IA, with 11 different strains detected found to be identical to clinical strains isolated from Tunisian patients with acute hepatitis. Five unique variants were also detected, not previously reported in clinical cases. Only two IB strains were found, confirming the rarity of this sub-genotype in this country. The results of the present study indicate a wide circulation of the pathogen in the population, most probably in the form of asymptomatic infections, a finding consistent with the classification of the country as having intermediate/high endemicity. Quantitative data showed high viral loads in influents (3.5E+05 genome copies/liter, mean value) as well as effluents (2.5E+05 genome copies/liter, mean value), suggesting that contaminated water could be a critical element in transmission. 相似文献
460.
Erin N. Peterson Maggie E. Cline Emily C. Moore Natalie B. Roberts Reade B. Roberts 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(5-6):41
East African cichlids display extensive variation in sex determination systems. The species Astatotilapia calliptera is one of the few cichlids that reside both in Lake Malawi and in surrounding waterways. A. calliptera is of interest in evolutionary studies as a putative immediate outgroup species for the Lake Malawi species flock and possibly as a prototype ancestor-like species for the radiation. Here, we use linkage mapping to test association of sex in A. calliptera with loci that have been previously associated with genetic sex determination in East African cichlid species. We identify a male heterogametic XY system segregating at linkage group (LG) 7 in an A. calliptera line that originated from Lake Malawi, at a locus previously shown to act as an XY sex determination system in multiple species of Lake Malawi cichlids. Significant association of genetic markers and sex produce a broad genetic interval of approximately 26 megabases (Mb) using the Nile tilapia genome to orient markers; however, we note that the marker with the strongest association with sex is near a gene that acts as a master sex determiner in other fish species. We demonstrate that alleles of the marker are perfectly associated with sex in Metriaclima mbenjii, a species from the rock-dwelling clade of Lake Malawi. While we do not rule out the possibility of other sex determination loci in A. calliptera, this study provides a foundation for fine mapping of the cichlid sex determination gene on LG7 and evolutionary context regarding the origin and persistence of the LG7 XY across diverse, rapidly evolving lineages. 相似文献