降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

全球环境问题与当代国际关系

环境问题使人类面临着前所未有的生存与发展的巨大挑战，也深刻影响着当代国际关系的发展和演变。该文对环境问题引起的国家安全，全球环境问题的南北分歧，以及南北矛盾的焦点等几个方面，分别进行了阐述和分析，随着环境总是的国际化和全球化，国际社会把保护环境看成是各国政府的共同义务和责任，而与此同时国际间的环境合与竞争关系也得到了进一步的发展。     

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change -     

Influence of Methodology and Assumptions on Reported National Carbon Flux Inventories: An Illustration from the Canadian Forest Sector

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has developed guidelines to standardize the international reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals by signatory nations of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. With regard to forest sector carbon fluxes, the IPCC guidelines require only that those fluxes directly associated with human activities (i.e., harvesting and land-use change) be reported. In Canada, the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS2) has been used to assess carbon fluxes from the entire forest sector. This model accounts for carbon fluxes associated with both anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as wild fires and insects. We combined model results for the period 1985 to 1989 with additional data to compile seven different national carbon flux inventories for the forest sector. These inventories incorporate different system components under a variety of seemingly plausible assumptions, some of which are encouraged refinements to the default flux inventory described in the IPCC guidelines. The resulting estimated net carbon fluxes varied from a net removal of 185,000 kt carbon per year of the inventory period to a netemission of 89,000 kt carbon per year. Following the default procedures in the IPCC guidelines, while using the best available national data, produced an inventory with a net removal of atmospheric carbon. Adding the effect of natural disturbances to that inventory reversed the sign of the net flux resulting in a substantial emission. Including the carbon fluxes associated with root biomass in the first inventory increased the magnitude of the estimated net removal. The variability of these results emphasizes the need for a systems approach in constructing a flux inventory. We argue that the choice of which fluxes to include in the inventory should be based on the importance of these fluxes to the overall carbon budget and not on the perceived ease with which flux estimates can be obtained. The results of this analysis also illustrate two specific points. Even those Canadian forests which are most free from direct human interactions—forests in which no commercial harvesting occurs—are not in equilibrium, and their contribution to national carbon fluxes should be included in the reported flux inventory. Moreover, those forest areas that are subject to direct management are still substantially impacted by natural disturbances. The critical effect of inventory methodology and assumptions on inventory results has important ramifications for efforts to “monitor” and “verify” programs aimed at mitigating global carbon emissions.     

关于农业污染纠纷综合处理的思考

揭示了农业污染纠纷的内涵,提出了处理农业污染纠纷的４个“支撑点”,即运用农业技术先行界定,运用监测数据科学鉴证;运用因果关系逻辑推定,强化环境管理,疏通综合处理渠道等。