Assessment of Pb uptake, translocation and immobilization in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of sand tailings

The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of lead (Pb) on sand tailings was investigated.A pot experiment employing factorial design with two main effects of fertilizer and lead was conducted in a nursery using sand tailings from an ex-tin mine as the growing medium.Results showed that Pb was found in the root,stem,and seed capsule of kenaf but not in the leaf.Application of organic fertilizer promoted greater biomass yield as well as higher accumulation capacity of Pb.In Pb-spike...     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

Adsorption of mercury on laterite from Guizhou Province, China

The adsorption behaviors of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite from Guizhou Province,China,were studied and the adsorption mechanism was discussed.The results showed that different mineral compositons in the laterite will cause differences in the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).Illite and non-crystalloids are the main contributors to enhancing the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).The pH of the solution is an important factor affecting the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite.The alkalescent environment (pH 7-9) ...     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from college school yards in Beijing, China

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been a major environmental issue, attracting much scientific concern because of their nature of toxicity, persistence, and endocrine disrupting effects. Soil samples were collected from ten college school yards in Beijing in 2006 and analyzed to determine fifteen OCPs. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found to be the main pollutants, accounting for 93.70% of total OCPs, followed by hexachlorohexanes (HCHs) (2.25%) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (1.82%). Content...     

新型复合材料处理氮磷废水的性能研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide, HDTMA)和稀土溶液氯化镧(LaCl₃)对人造沸石进行改性,以增强其对水中氨氮和总磷的同步去除效果.结果表明,HDTMA和LaCl₃可有效负载于人造沸石表面,且在pH为7的条件下,改性沸石对氨氮和总磷的去除率分别由改性前的75%和1%提高到95.67%和91.96%.影响因素的实验表明,改性沸石对不同浓度废水的氨氮和总磷去除率均达到90%以上;氮、磷的去除率随改性沸石投加量的增加而上升;准二级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对氨氮吸附的动力学过程,准一级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对总磷吸附的动力学过程;吸附等温线说明改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附属于离子交换,对水中磷酸盐的吸附包含离子交换和化学吸附两种过程.此外,通过再生性能、负载强度和离子竞争的试验证明改性沸石能应用于实际生化尾水的氮、磷去除.     

河岸过滤中氨氮的削减及其浓度对细菌与氨氧化微生物的影响

通过小试滤柱模拟河岸过滤,结合荧光定量PCR和高通量测序等手段研究了河岸过滤对氨氮的削减效能和进水氨氮浓度对细菌与氨氧化微生物的影响.结果表明,低浓度(0.2 mg·L^-1)氨氮未被削减,较高浓度(1.0 mg·L^-1和2.0 mg·L^-1)氨氮的削减率可达70%.进水处细菌丰度随氨氮浓度升高而增加,细菌群落组成随氨氮浓度升高发生规律性变化.出水处氨氧化古菌(Ammonia oxidizing archaea,AOA)丰度与氨氮浓度呈负相关,氨氧化细菌(Ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)丰度与氨氮浓度无显著相关关系;进水处AOA-α多样性与氨氮浓度呈正相关,但AOB-α多样性与氨氮浓度呈负相关;进水处AOA群落组成受氨氮浓度影响,而进、出水处AOB群落组成均受氨氮浓度影响.可见,进水氨氮浓度会影响河岸过滤对氨氮的削减效能,还会影响细菌、氨氧化微生物的丰度及群落结构,AOB对氨氮浓度的变化比AOA更敏感.     

乌鲁木齐市气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及潜在来源分析

依据2009年1月—2019年7月MODIS/AQUA C6.1 MYD04_L2气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)日数据,在宏观视角下对乌鲁木齐市AOD时空分布特征进行分析,利用后向轨迹模式(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory,HYSPLIT)和潜在源贡献作用分析方法(Potential Source Contribution Function, PSCF)讨论气溶胶运输的季节性变化,并揭示研究不同季节对AOD影响较为明显的潜在源空间分布.结果表明:①乌鲁木齐市AOD呈显著的季节性差异,四季均值依次为:春季(0.328)>夏季(0.310)>秋季(0.273)>冬季(0.137),AOD高值区主要集中在市区.②AOD年内呈双峰分布,峰值分别对应为4月(0.402)和8月(0.346);10 a间AOD呈弱下降趋势,其中2014年最高(0.316),2017年最低(0.235),AOD均值为0. 276.③春季和冬季乌鲁木齐市气团输送主要...     

近三十年中国非点源污染研究现状与未来发展方向探讨

非点源污染是我国面临的重要环境问题之一,其影响范围广,污染不易控制,因此受到研究者和管理者越来越多的关注.中国非点源污染研究呈起步晚、速度快、范围广的发展特点,近十年来相关论文发表已达到一定数量,但是现有研究多是针对非点源污染体系中某些方面进行探究,缺少从全国尺度和长时间序列角度对我国非点源污染研究现状的梳理和总结.本文从全球主要文献库中检索了1988—2018年我国非点源污染的相关文章,挑选出1354篇文章进行统计分析,对于年发文数量、研究区所属省份、研究区所属流域、研究对象和研究方法分别进行统计展示.对我国近三十年非点源污染研究现状与存在问题进行总结,其中农业非点源污染需要继续深入探究其机理,城市非点源污染研究深度不足,研究地区有较大差异,研究方法存在复杂性与实用性的矛盾.未来中国非点源污染研究仍会以农业和农村非点源为主要研究对象;城市非点源将得到进一步发展;非点源污染物的防治与利用将成为重要的研究目标和研究方向;在国家实施的长江大保护战略及黄河生态保护高质量发展战略中,非点源污染也是关键研究问题;全球变化对非点源污染的影响也将是未来研究不可忽视的问题.本文对近三十年中国非点源污染...     

固定源可凝结颗粒物稀释采样器的设计

固定污染源烟气排放进入大气环境后稀释降温,气相中部分饱和蒸气压较低的组分转化为可凝结颗粒物,这部分颗粒物在固定源烟气颗粒物监测中通常被忽略.为评价固定源可凝结颗粒物的排放情况,本文设计开发并评测了一套稀释采样器.稀释采样器稀释比在10∶1～40∶1范围内,混合停留时间为5～10 s.实验室评测结果表明,稀释气颗粒物背景值低((～0.1±0.08)个·cm^-3),稀释采样器气密性良好,烟气和稀释气能够均匀混合,颗粒物损失较少,细颗粒物(PM_2.5)损失在5%以下.本稀释采样器能模拟烟气与环境空气混合降温过程,可用于固定源可凝结颗粒物的测量.     

基于两种再分析资料的一次四川盆地大气污染过程气象要素数值模拟研究

利用ECMWF-ERA5和NCEP-FNL再分析资料作为中尺度气象模式WRF(The Weather Research and Forecasting)初始场,对四川盆地2018年1月一次大气污染过程气象要素进行了模拟,对比分析了气温、风速、风向、相对湿度、边界层高度、温廓线的模拟效果,并结合大气超级站观测数据对模拟结果进行评估.结果表明:两种资料均能较好地模拟出气象要素的变化情况,但由于两套资料时空分辨率、采用的模式、同化方案、数据来源和质量控制方案存在一定区别,导致各要素模拟效果并不一致.与NCEP-FNL相比,ECMWF-ERA5模拟的平均相对湿度(59.23%)与观测值差异更小,且均方根误差、偏差较小,分别为9.83%和-0.83%,但NCEP-FNL模拟的平均气温(8.99℃)更接近观测值,且偏差值较小,为-0.04℃.两组模拟结果均显示盆地内部为模拟区域的低风速区,相对湿度模拟值在60%以上,气温高于西部山地地区.NCEP-FNL模拟的盆地内部气温、相对湿度、风速小于ECMWF-ERA5模拟值,但边界层高度模拟值较大.ECMWF-ERA5模拟的逆温强度相比较小,且温度露点差...