扰动强度对钝化剂抑制滇池沉积物磷释放的影响

选取滇池福保湾表层沉积物,以聚合氯化铝为钝化剂,研究了扰动强度对钝化剂抑制沉积物中磷释放的影响.结果表明,当扰动强度低于一定范围时,聚合氯化铝对沉积物中的磷有抑制作用,当转速为0,60,120r/min时,对应的水中磷浓度分别为初始值的62.5%,71.7%和83.4%;当转速达到240r/min时,沉积物会向水中释放大量磷,钝化作用完全被破坏,水中磷浓度为初始值的3.3倍.此外,在转速低于120r/min时,磷形态主要是以无机磷(DIP)为主的溶解性磷(DTP),而转速达到240r/min时,水中DTP/TP30%,DIP/DTP40%,即磷形态主要为不溶性磷,溶解性磷中以有机磷(DOP)为主.     

污泥干化过程中苯系物(BTEX)的释放及其致癌风险评价

在模拟污泥干化的条件下,研究了4种类型污水污泥苯系物(BTEX)的释放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,在50-300℃的干化温度范围内,4种污泥的BTEX释放总置在4.20～161.90μg·m-3之间;在温度高于150℃之后,各类污泥中的BTEX释放量大幅增加;而低于150℃的情况下,污泥中BTEX的释放量仅占总BTEX释放量的5.09%.不同温度下污泥的BTEX释放量与其在污泥中的含量之间存在显著的线性关系.不同类型的污泥其所释放的BTEX组分之间具有较大的差别,污泥中BTEX的含量决定其所释放的数量,而其释放强度则取决于干化温度.对污泥释放BTEX进行健康风险评价表明,各类污泥在150～300℃下所释放的苯对暴露人员存在一定的致癌风险,其中女性相对于男性致癌风险更高.控制污泥干化温度可以最大限度地减少BTEX释放,进而降低致癌风险.     

高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化性能研究

采用恒压阳极氧化法在纯钛箔表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列,利用SEM和XRD对其进行了形貌和晶型的分析和表征,并通过TiO2纳米管阵列膜对甲基橙光催化降解,探讨光照时间、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度、溶液的初始pH值和H2O2加入浓度等因素对甲基橙的脱色率影响.结果表明,H2O2加入浓度为50mg·L-1,紫外光照射2h,溶液为中性时,在30 mg·L-1的甲基橙溶液(50mL)中,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到100%.当H2O2加入浓度进一步增大到100 mg·L-1时,光催化的效率进一步提高,紫外光照射1h,甲基橙溶液的脱色率就已经达到了100%,并未出现抑制光催化的现象.同时还研究了TiO2纳米管阵列电极的稳定性.实验结果表明,随着TiO2纳米管阵列使用次数的增加,其光催化效果略有所下降.     

Characterizing In Situ Methane‐Enhanced Biostimulation Potential for 1,4‐Dioxane Biodegradation in Groundwater

This study characterizes the 1,4‐dioxane biodegradation potential for an in situ methane‐enhanced biostimulation field pilot study conducted at Air Force Plant 44, located south of the Tucson International Airport in Arizona. In this study, the use of methane as the primary substrate in aerobic cometabolic biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane is evaluated using environmental molecular diagnostic tools. The findings are compared to an adjacent pilot study, wherein methane was generated via enhanced reductive dechlorination and where methane monooxygenase and methane‐oxidizing bacteria were also found to be abundant. This article also presents the use of ¹³C and ²H isotopic ratio enrichment, a more recent tool, to support the understanding of 1,4‐dioxane biodegradation in situ. This study is the first of its kind, although alkane gas‐enhanced biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane has been evaluated extensively in microcosm studies and propane‐enhanced biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane has been previously studied in the field. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物浸出铅锌硫化矿尾矿及浸出过程中重金属形态分析研究

研究嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f)对铅锌硫化矿尾矿重金属离子的生物浸出和重金属形态变化有助于了解生物浸出作用的过程变化.通过考察生物浸出体系中不同的矿浆浓度对pH值和浸出尾矿重金属的影响,探究生物浸出过程的重金属形态变化情况.结果表明,生物浸出作用对pH值和尾矿重金属的浸出影响巨大,随着矿浆浓度的增加,pH值下降速率呈现先升高后降低、重金属浸出率也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最佳的生物浸出矿浆浓度为50 g·L~(-1),Fe和Zn的最佳浸出率分别为85.45%和97.85%.重金属形态分析表明,生物浸出作用对尾矿重金属形态变化产生巨大的影响,随着浸出时间的延长,重金属形态逐渐改变,首先易迁移的重金属被生物浸出,然后稳定的重金属也逐渐被生物浸出.     

基于卫星观测的2005—2015年京津冀地区NO2柱浓度分布及变化趋势

为更好地了解京津冀地区NO₂浓度的长期时空分布变化特征,对2005—2015年京津冀地区对流层NO₂柱浓度数据进行了统计分析.结果表明,京津冀地区对流层NO₂柱浓度在2005—2010年增加明显,年均复合增长率为6.8%,并在2010年达到峰值,为1 329.07×1013 mol/cm2;2010—2013年保持相对稳定;2013—2015年显著下降,降幅达26.2%.2015年NO₂柱浓度为964.43×1013 mol/cm2,基本与2005年的浓度水平持平.北京地区NO₂柱浓度最先开始下降并保持降低趋势,其中北京市城区降幅远大于郊区,并在2015年达到最低值,为1 647.38×1013 mol/cm2;天津市城、郊区NO₂柱浓度变化相近,总体上均呈先增后减的趋势,并且均在2010年达到峰值,分别为2 686.96×1013、2 019.36×1013 mol/cm2;而河北省西南部(石家庄、邢台、邯郸市)在近两年降幅最为明显,均在35.0%以上.京津冀对流层NO₂柱浓度呈由南向北递减的空间分布趋势,高值区主要分布于京津唐一带以及河北省南部沿太行山一带.研究显示,虽然近年来京津冀地区NO₂柱浓度降幅明显,但相比于周边地区仍面临较大的减排压力.      

How China’s current energy pricing mechanisms will impact its marginal carbon abatement costs?

Economic and social costs and benefits are critical factors affecting greenhouse gas abatement activities. Recognizing that energy prices are one of the most important factors influencing abatement costs, this study improved the basic China Energy and Environmental Policy Analysis (CEEPA) model by introducing a current energy pricing mechanism for China. The improved model was applied to generate marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for China including the current energy pricing mechanism and to analyze MACs for the whole country and main abatement sectors in China under different energy pricing mechanisms. The results show that China MACs are sensitive to pricing mechanisms for electricity and refined oil. Ignoring the current regulation of these prices will lead to MAC underestimation, and price liberalization of these two energy sources could lead to a decrease in China MACs. Under a 50 % emission reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is ignored, the China MAC is underestimated by almost 16 %. Energy pricing reforms will lead to variations in sectoral abatement costs and overall abatement potential, and these impacts are projected to be large in the electricity sector. Under a 50 % reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is liberalized, MAC for the electricity sector nearly will decrease 50 %.     

Bi2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂协同处理铬-邻苯二甲酸酯复合污染

以硝酸铋和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用水热法制备了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合半导体材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UVVis)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征.同时,考察了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合材料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和难降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)复合污染的处理性能,并探讨了复合催化剂协同处理复合污染的作用机制.结果表明:该复合催化剂在可见光下能同时降低重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和有机物DBP的浓度,抑制电子和空穴复合,表现出比对单一Cr(Ⅵ)及DBP污染物更高的处理效率.当Bi_2O_3含量为4%时,复合催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines

Mercury(Hg), mainly in cinnabar species, has been used in medicine for thousands of years in China, and worldwide concern has been raised on its toxicity. In this work, the amount of bioaccessible mercury in 16 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs) was measured by using an in vitro simulated digestion system, consisting of simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, to investigate the bioavailability of mercury in CPMs and evaluate its potential risk to human health. Total mercury and mercury in the gastrointestinal extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The levels of total Hg in 16 CPMs ranged from not detected to 11.89 mg/g, with a mean value of 1.13 mg/g, while the extractable Hg ranged from not detected to 4.37 μg/g, with a mean value of 0.42 μg/g.Mercury bioaccessibility varied significantly in the investigated CPMs, depending on the ingredient. Compared to the CPMs without cinnabar(2.5%–30.9%), the percentage of mercury in the gastrointestinal supernatants for CPMs with cinnabar was quite a bit lower(0.037%). By comparing with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives(FAO/WHO) safety guideline, the average daily intake dose(ADD) of Hg in the medicines was then calculated to access the risk of mercury to human health from taking CPMs.     

天津市近海海域人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价

鱼礁选址是人工鱼礁建设首要考虑的重要环节,科学评价分析是确保人工鱼礁建设成功的前提。本文依据影响鱼礁选址的主要因素,从海洋功能区划、海洋物理化学环境、海洋生物资源环境三方面选取了海洋功能区、水深、流速、水质、底质类型、生物资源、重要渔业水域等7项指标,运用ArcGIS技术手段,对天津市近海海域人工鱼礁投放的适宜性进行了评价,得出最适宜、较适宜及一般适宜人工鱼礁布设区域的空间分布,这三类区域所占面积分别为8.61 km2、29.78 km2和38.02 km2,其中,最适宜鱼礁投放的区域位于汉沽区营城镇蔡家堡村至大神堂村以南水深4~5 m的海域,与天津市目前已开展的人工鱼礁投礁区域相距较近;较适宜开展鱼礁投放的区域主要分布在太平镇沙井子乡以东水深9~10 m的海域及最适宜区的外围区域。实证研究结果可为天津市人工鱼礁建设提供技术支撑和参考依据,同时也为我国人工鱼礁建设适宜性评价提供借鉴。