华东典型城市非道路移动机械排气烟度

在华东地区典型城市开展了超过900台非道路移动机械的排气烟度实测工作,结合测试机械的属性调查,分析汇总了现阶段各类机械的排气烟度范围(包括光吸收系数和林格曼黑度),并定量研究了机械出厂年限、机械功率、测试工况及油品差异对机械排气烟度的影响.结果表明,在自由加速工况下,实测非道路移动机械的排气烟度为(1. 02±0. 57) m~(-1),林格曼黑度等级为2. 10±0. 19(无量纲),各类机械超过国家标准GB 36886-2018中关于烟度I限值比例为12%～25%; 80%的机械启动烟度大于自由加速烟度,且各类机械启动烟度约为自由加速排气烟度的2倍;与普通柴油相比,使用车用柴油可少量削减机械排气烟度均值,可显著削减或抑制排气烟度高值.启动时喷油量瞬间增加过快与油品质量较差可直接影响非道路用柴油机的排气烟度.     

黄磷尾气生产甲酸中尾气净化试验研究

通过综合研究试验筛选,研发专门适用以黄磷生产中外排废尾气为原料,匹配当今较先进的甲酸甲酯水解法(改进工艺)生产具有广泛用途和良好市场前景的环保型有机强酸———甲酸,完全满足优级甲酸生产的气体净化、提纯、提浓工艺技术,且安全可靠,经济合理。     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

欧美绿色供应链发展经验及启示

随着工业化、城市化的飞速发展,我国经济社会面临的资源环境瓶颈约束日益突出,实现经济发展和环境保护的同步推进是当前工作的重要内容,环境保护将扮演更为重要的角色。实施绿色供应链管理有利于改善高能耗高污染问题,提高企业生产效率,增强核心竞争力,促进企业和社会的可持续发展。欧盟和美国在推行绿色供应链管理方面成果显著,汲取其先进的政策和实践经验,对中国推进绿色供应链具有重要的借鉴意义。     

1株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定和反硝化特性研究

从沈阳北部污水处理厂曝气池的回流污泥中驯化分离得到16株有好氧反硝化能力的菌株,并最终筛选得到1株好氧反硝化能力较强的菌株N6。菌株N6的革兰氏染色为阴性、无芽孢;经16Sr DNA序列分析,鉴定其为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp).。反硝化特性实验表明:菌株反硝化的最佳温度是30℃、最适pH值为7、最佳C/N比为15∶1;碳源的种类对菌株的反硝化效果影响很大,菌株N6对丁二酸钠和乙酸钠等小分子碳源的利用相对高于对葡萄糖、蔗糖等大分子碳源的利用,菌株反硝化的最适碳源是丁二酸钠。在最佳降解条件下,菌株24 h对硝酸盐的降解率达98%,并且没有亚硝酸盐的积累。     

基于GM(1,1)模型的铜绿山矿井水害预测与防治

本文针对铜绿山矿区复杂的水文地质条件,分析了其含水层和隔水层的分布特征以及矿井突水原因和充水因素,同时在分析矿井涌水影响因素复杂机理的基础上,建立了灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,预测了未来涌水量的发展变化趋势,并针对矿区水害威胁源的实际情况,提出了在青山河流域、南北露采坑、井下同时开展综合防治水的措施,以为矿山的安全生产提供依据。     

原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ni的方法研究

通过收集国内外现行标准、规范,以我国海洋领域现行标准体系为基础,研究以原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ni元素的干扰消除,常压消解方式,微波消解方式,标准曲线配制,原子吸收分光光度计仪器参数,上机测定等基本条件,并通过实验验证该方法的可行性,以获得能够适用于海洋环境保护领域内的标准方法。     

广东省清远市PM2.5污染天气分型及污染潜在源区分析

利用2016—2021年清远市逐时空气质量监测数据和相关气象资料,基于统计分析、主观天气分型方法和后向轨迹模式（HYSPLIT）,归纳总结粤北代表城市清远市在不同细颗粒物（PM_2.5 ）污染天气分型下的气象要素特征及污染潜在源区特征,为大气污染精细化防控提供有效参考。结果表明：在日均风速＜2m/s、日均相对湿度为75%～90%、日均气温为18～22℃时的无降水或微量降水天气下,清远市易出现PM_2.5 污染。变性高压脊型、脊后槽前型、冷锋前型、弱冷高压脊型、高压底后部型、台风外围型是造成清远市PM_2.5 污染的典型天气型,其中PM_2.5 重度污染均出现在秋、冬季弱冷高压脊型控制下;变性高压脊型下出现PM_2.5 轻度和中度污染的频率最高;脊后槽前型是清远市春季PM_2.5 污染的主要天气型;冷锋前型、高压底后部型和台风外围型下的PM_2.5 污染程度较轻。加剧清远市PM_2.5 污染的主要气流轨迹为弱偏南气流和南北气流辐合,当弱偏南气流控制时,污染潜在源区主要位于清远市辖区及广州、佛山、东莞、江门等珠三角城市;当南北气流辐合时,潜在源区主要位于清远市南部、韶关及珠三角,南岭山脉阻挡作用削弱了偏北方向长距离输送的PM_2.5 污染。     

P对小麦Cd和As吸收与转运的影响

为了探究磷（P）对小麦幼苗镉（Cd）和砷（As）吸收转运生理机制的影响,通过水培试验,以百农207为供试材料,研究了Cd和As胁迫条件下,外源供P和缺P处理对小麦幼苗生长、根系形态、光合参数、抗氧化系统、离子含量和根茎转移系数的影响.结果表明,与缺P处理相比,外源P供应显著增加As胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素的含量,促进根系的生长发育,提高了生物量,而对Cd胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长影响不显著.外源P供应时显著增加了Cd胁迫条件下根系的P和Cd含量,降低了地上部的P和Cd含量;同时显著提高了As胁迫条件下地上部的P和As含量以及As向地上部的转移系数.因此,供P与否对小麦幼苗Cd和As毒害的影响表现出明显的差异性;As胁迫时,外源供P提高了As向地上部的转运能力以及根系的CAT活性,降低了As对小麦的毒害,从而促进了小麦幼苗生物量的累积;而在Cd胁迫条件下,P与Cd之间表现出一定的协同效应,外源供P在一定程度上加重了Cd对小麦的毒害效应.     

Sorption mechanism of naphthalene by diesel soot: Insight from displacement with phenanthrene/p-nitrophenol

The nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) could be changed to linear sorption by the suppression of coexisting solutes in natural system, resulting in the enhancement of mobility, bioavailability and risks of HOCs in the environment. In previous study, inspired from the competitive adsorption on activated carbon (AC), the displaceable fraction of HOCs sorption to soot by competitor was attributed to the adsorption on elemental carbon fraction of soot (EC-Soot), while the linear and nondisplaceable fraction was attributed to the partition in authigenic organic matter of soot (OM-Soot). In this study, however, we observed that the linear and nondisplaceable fraction of HOC (naphthalene) to a diesel soot (D-Soot) by competitor (phenanthrene or p-nitrophenol) should be attributed to not only the linear partition in OM-Soot, but also the residual linear adsorption on EC-Soot. We also observed that the competition on the surface of soot dominated by external surface was different from that of AC dominated by micropore surface, i.e., complete displacement of HOCs by p-nitrophenol could occur for the micropore surface of AC, but not for the external surface of soot. These observations were obtained through the separation of EC-Soot and OM-Soot from D-Soot with organic-solvent extraction and the sorption comparisons of D-Soot with an AC (ACF300) and a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT30). The obtained results would give new insights to the sorption mechanisms of HOCs by soot and help to assess their environmental risks.