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The global response to the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti revealed the ability to mobilise medical teams quickly and effectively when academic medical centres partner non-governmental organisations (NGO) that already have a presence in a zone of devastation. Most established NGOs based in a certain region are accustomed to managing the medical conditions that are common to that area and will need additional and specialised support to treat the flux of myriad injured persons. Furthermore, an NGO with an established presence in a region prior to a disaster appears better positioned to provide sustained recovery and rehabilitation relief. Academic medical centres can supply these essential specialised resources for a prolonged time. This relationship between NGOs and academic medical centres should be further developed prior to another disaster response. This model has great potential with regard to the rapid preparation and worldwide deployment of skilled medical and surgical teams when needed following a disaster, as well as to the subsequent critical recovery phase. 相似文献
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Effects of Waste Paper Sludge on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Wood Flour Composites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yahya Hamzeh Alireza Ashori Babak Mirzaei 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):120-124
The objective of this work was to determine some physical and mechanical properties of the high density polyethylene (HDPE)
composites reinforced with various mixtures of the paper sludge and the wood flour, and to evaluate the coupling agent performance.
The waste sludge materials originating from two different sources including paper making waste water treatment sludge (PS)
and ink-eliminated sludge (IES) were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties. In the experiment, four levels
of paper sludge (20, 30, 40 and 60 wt%), three levels of wood flour (20, 40 and 60 wt%), and two levels of coupling agent
(MAPE) content (2 and 3 wt%) were used. The flexural properties of the composites were positively affected by the addition
of the sludge. Especially, tensile modulus improved with the increase of paper sludge content. With the addition of MAPE,
flexural properties improved considerably compared with control specimens (without any coupling agent). The results showed
that the water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values of the samples decreased considerably with increasing sludge
content in the composite, while they increased with increasing wood flour content. It is to be noted that with incorporation
of MAPE in the composite formulation, the compatibility between the wood flour and HDPE was enhanced through esterification,
which reduced the WA and TS and improved the mechanical properties. Composites made with IES exhibited superior physico-mechanical
properties compared with the PS filled composites. Overall results suggest that the waste paper sludge materials were capable
of serving as feasible reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic polymer composites. 相似文献
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Roohollah Noori Gholamali Hoshyaripour Khosro Ashrafi Babak Nadjar Araabi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(4):476-482
This study aims to predict daily carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the atmosphere of Tehran by means of developed artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. Forward selection (FS) and Gamma test (GT) methods are used for selecting input variables and developing hybrid models with ANN and ANFIS. From 12 input candidates, 7 and 9 variables are selected using FS and GT, respectively. Evaluation of developed hybrid models and its comparison with ANN and ANFIS models fed with all input variables shows that both FS and GT techniques reduce not only the output error, but also computational cost due to less inputs. FS–ANN and FS–ANFIS models are selected as the best models considering R2, mean absolute error and also developed discrepancy ratio statistics. It is also shown that these two models are superior in predicting pollution episodes. Finally, uncertainty analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulation is carried out for FS–ANN and FS–ANFIS models which shows that FS–ANN model has less uncertainty; i.e. it is the best model which forecasts satisfactorily the trends in daily CO concentration levels. 相似文献
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Seyed Majid Mousavi Babak Motesharezadeh Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini Hoseinali Alikhani Ali Asghar Zolfaghari 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(4):1221-1235
Many studies have conducted to determine the best management practice to reduce the mobility and phytoavailability of the trace metals in contaminated soils. In this study, geochemical speciation and phytoavailability of Zn for sunflower were studied after application of nanoparticles (SiO2 and zeolite, with an application rate of 200 mg kg?1) and bacteria [Bacillus safensis FO-036b(T) and Pseudomonas fluorescens p.f.169] to a calcareous heavily contaminated soil. Results showed that the biotic and abiotic treatments significantly reduced the Zn concentration in the aboveground to non-toxicity levels compared to the control treatment, and the nanoparticle treatments were more effective than the bacteria and control treatments. The concentration of CaCl2-extractable Zn in the treated soils was significantly lower than those of the control treatment. The results of sequential extraction showed that the maximum portion of total Zn belonged to the fraction associated with iron and manganese oxides. On the contrary, the minimum percent belonged to the exchangeable and water-soluble Zn (F1). From the environmental point of view, the fraction associated with iron and manganese oxides is less bioavailable than the F1 and carbonated fractions. On the basis of plant growth promotion, simultaneous application of the biotic and abiotic treatments significantly increased the aboveground dry biomass yield and also significantly reduced the CaCl2-extractable form, uptake by aboveground and translocation factor of Zn compared to the control treatment. Therefore, it might be suggested as an efficient strategy to promote the plant growth and reduce the mobile and available forms of toxic metals in calcareous heavily contaminated soils. 相似文献
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Allahkarami Ebrahim Azadmehr Amirreza Noroozi Fahimeh Farrokhi Shayan Sillanpää Mika 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(32):48438-48452
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research aimed to develop a novel composite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of nitrate ion from aqueous solutions. The characterization... 相似文献
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Asadollah Seyed Babak Haji Seyed Sharafati Ahmad Shahid Shamsuddin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):17260-17279
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluates the future climate fluctuations in Iran’s eight major climate regions (G1–G8). Synoptic data for the period... 相似文献