乡镇环境规划指标体系研究——以扬州市瓜洲镇为例

从经济发展、生态环境、社会进步三方面构建乡镇环境规划指标体系,并引入“可持续发展度”、“因子贡献度”、“指标偏离度”、“制约度”,对瓜洲镇的现状进行了综合评价,对限制瓜洲镇可持续发展的因素进行识别。研究结果表明：规划基准年（2006年）瓜洲镇的可持续发展度为0.759,处于较强可持续发展阶段;影响瓜洲镇可持续发展的制约因素主要集中于环境质量及污染物治理方面（占36.75%）,其次为经济结构方面（占25.65%）,接着为发展支持（占24.21%）、生态环境与资源利用（占9.42%）、生活质量（占2.62%）、经济效益（占1.34%）。     

厌氧膨胀颗粒床（EGSB）反应器在有机废水治理中的研究进展

厌氧膨胀颗粒床（EGSB）反应器作为第三代高效厌氧反应器代表工艺之一,它通过增大反应器的高径比和采用出水回流技术,使反应器内的水力上升流速远远高于UASB反应器,强化了传质效果,提高了处理效率。适用于超高浓度和含有毒物质的工业废水,也特别适用于低温低浓度有机废水的处理。还展望了EGSB反应器未来的发展前景。     

西宁及邻区地震活动特征研究

对西宁及邻区1900年以来M≥5.0、1970年至今ML≥3.0地震进行了分析,得到了该区5级以上中强地震的活动规律,认为研究区近2～3年内地震活动处于相对平静期,具备发生M5～6级中强地震的条件,发生6级以上地震的可能性不大.     

石油化工企业定量风险评价程序探讨

介绍了定量风险评价的风险可接受准则和石油化工企业定量风险评价的一般程序。基本程序主要包括准备、资料数据收集、危险辨识、失效频率分析、失效后果分析、风险计算、风险评价及建议和风险评价报告和结论。此外,提出了评价过程中应注意的事项。     

上海南区污水输送干线世博期间排水安全保障

上海世界博览会将于2010年5月至10月召开,会展期跨越上海市夏季主汛期。届时如何保障世博园区的排水安全和水质安全,对接纳园区污水的已建干线排水系统是一个极大的考验。通过建立上海市南干线排水管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对世博园区污水接入后南干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测世博园区的排水风险,提出世博期间南干线的排水安全保障方案,为世博会期间的防洪保安奠定基础。     

石油炼制业污染防治与清洁生产

石油炼制业是国民经济的支柱行业,直接关系到整个国民经济的发展,它不仅提供各种石油产品,同时也为石油化工、化纤、化肥等工业提供原料。同时,石油炼制业也是污染物排放大户,在生产过程中产生大量废水、废气、固体废物,对人体健康和环境造成了一定潜在的影响。石油产品和中间产品多为易燃、易爆、有毒、有害的化学物质,在生产、储运和使用过程中,会对大气、水域、湖泊、土壤、环境造成危害,必须采取有效的方法加以预防和治理。而实施清洁生产可以有效的帮助石油炼制业节能资源、减少排污。     

1982～2008年东北冻土区植被生长季NDVI对气候变化和CO

利用GIMMS和MODIS两种遥感数据,分析了1982～2008年东北冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI的时空特征.并探讨不同类型冻土区和不同植被类型归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)对气候变化和CO2体积分数增加的响应.研究表明.不同冻土类型区植被生长季NDVI均值从大到小依次为:连续多年冻土区＞大片多年冻土区＞季节性冻土区＞岛状多年冻土区.东北冻土区不同植被类型生长季平均NDVI值由大到小依次为:森林＞灌丛＞沼泽＞农田＞草地,其中森林植被生长季平均NDVI值为0.61,草地为0.46,过去27年间,东北冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI年际变化曲线可分为3个变化阶段:①1982～1990年,小幅上升阶段;②1990～2000年,缓慢下降阶段;③2000～2008年.明显上升阶段.1982～2008年期间,连续多年冻土区及大片多年冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI值呈显著上升趋势((P＜0.05)对于不同植被类型而言,除森林植被NDVI呈显著上升趋势外(P＜0.05),其它植被类型NDVI值无显著变化趋势.过去27年间,东北冻土区年均气温显著升高,年降水量显著下降,CO2浓度显著升高.研究区全区平均NDVI与年平均气温呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),气温是影响东北冻土区生长季植被NDVI的主要气候因子.森林和沼泽湿地植被生长季平均NDVI与年平均气温呈显著正相关,与降水量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);5种植被类型中仅森林植被受CO2浓度影响显著.年平均气温对不同植被类型的影响由高到低的顺序为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞灌丛＞农田＞草地;降水的影响为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞草地>灌丛＞农田;CO2浓度的影响为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞草地＞农田＞灌丛.关健词:NDVI;气候变化;CO2浓度增加;东北冻土区     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

Shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands in the West Songnen Plain,China

In the past century, especially the past five decades, the grasslands of the West Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were rapidly converted into croplands and salinized wasteland, and experienced a fragmentation process that is still ongoing. Almost no information is available on the spatial-temporal changes of grasslands in this area. In this study, grassland cover change, agricultural reclamation and salinized wasteland expansion were investigated during the past five decades. Grassland fragmentation was studied based on four landscape metrics. The grassland cover change was detected from a time series of topographic maps from 1954, satellite images of Landsat TM in 1986, 1995, and 2000 using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). In addition, the land use changes were analyzed using a transition matrix of land use types, while the driving forces were explored according to climatic changes and socioeconomic developments. The results indicated a significant decrease in grassland area. Of the 1 418 945 ha of native grassland in 1954, approximately 64% was removed by 2000, while the number of patches (NP) increased from 865 to 2035 and the mean patch size (MPS) decreased from 1640 ha to 252 ha. During the whole study period, the average annual decrease rate of grassland was 34 894 ha/year. Cropland and salinized wasteland were the two main land use types into which grassland converted. During the past decades, obvious climatic changes occurred, which supplied a favorable potential environment for agricultural development but damaged grassland productivity. On the other hand, population, GDP and livestock number increased significantly as grassland quality decreased. According to the results, the shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands may well be explained by socioeconomic development and aided by changing climatic conditions.     

工艺安全管理系统的适用范围——危险化学品目录及临界量的确定

从工艺安全管理（PSM）的角度,对美国、欧盟等的工艺安全管理系统适用范围的定义进行分析,结合目前国内《重大危险源辨识》中给出的部分危险化学品的临界量,以此为基础制定适合我国国情的危险化学品目录并确定各物质的临界量,提出在我国推行工艺安全管理系统的建议。