彻底封闭烟气旁路挡板的可行性探索

随着环保标准的进一步提高,部分新建火电厂不再设置烟气旁路挡板,现有机组彻底封闭旁路挡板也是未来趋势。结合漳山电厂烟囱防腐期间,彻底封闭旁路挡板8个月的运行经验,阐述这种运行方式的逻辑修改和启动方式。经过实践证明,彻底封闭旁路挡板完全可行。     

跨海大桥主墩桩基钢护筒腐蚀损伤识别

跨海大桥主墩桩基施工过程中采用的钢护筒被保留作为桩基的外层,容易受到海洋环境的腐蚀破坏。提出一种基于插值曲率模态指纹库比对的桩基损伤识别方法,为解决测试数据不完备的问题,采用三次样条函数几何插值得到扩展后的桩基振型,然后在扩展振型的基础上采用中心差分计算得到曲率模态指标。以金塘大桥为工程背景,建立索塔-基础多尺度有限元模型,考虑海水腐蚀造成桩基钢护筒局部损失情况,以损失减薄区域的位置、轴向长度、深度为损伤参数,设置多种损伤工况样本,计算并建立基于插值曲率模态的桩基损伤识别指纹库,最后通过指纹库以外损伤工况与库内样本比对的方式,验证损伤识别效果。研究表明,为保证三次样条函数几何插值得到扩展振型对真实振型的拟合精度,至少需要沿桩基均布6个位移插值点。通过指纹库比对,能够准确识别桩基钢护筒减薄区域的位置与轴向长度。     

FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为研究

通过FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱的单向和往复轴压试验,研究了外包FRP的断裂应变、刚度、以及加载方式对钢筋屈曲性能的影响。采用了两种不同的纤维材料:CFRP和PET FRP,二者具有不同的断裂应变(CFRP1.5%;PET FRP5%)。在试验分析的基础上,发展了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的弹性地基梁模型,该模型能够较好地分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为。基于弹性地基梁模型和试验数据,提出了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的钢筋屈曲经验模型。并将该模型通过二次开发的方法写入OpenSees数值分析平台,对FRP约束RC柱的往复轴压行为进行数值分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究成果可为精确分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构的抗震性能提供有力的工具。     

Species and distribution of rare earth elements in the Baotou section of the Yellow River in China

This paper analyses the contents and species distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section of the Yellow River, China, with known anthropogenic REE input from industrial discharges. The major forms of REEs were suspended and dissolved in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Baotou section, respectively. The concentrations of the dissolved and suspended REEs had the same trends in the overlying water along the mainstream, which increased from the Seqi section (site A) to the mouth of the Sidaosha River (site D), reaching a maximum value at site D, and tending to decrease thereafter. The contents of REEs in sediment cores showed enrichment with light rare earth elements (LREEs). The bound to carbonates and to Fe–Mn oxides are the major forms of REE in the secondary phase and the REE exhibited LREE enrichment pattern and moderate Eu depletion in suspended particulates and surface sediments. The contents and species distributions of REEs in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section suggest that the anthropogenic source of REEs from Baotou city have enhanced REE accumulation to the Baotou section. This information is important for predicting possible pollution resulting from anthropogenic REE input into rivers.     

Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary disposal of human feces

Aerobic composting is a method for the sanitary disposal of human feces as is used in bio-toilet systems. As the products of composting can be utilized as a fertilizer, it would be beneficial if the composting conditions could be more precisely controlled for the retention of fecal nitrogen as long as possible in the compost. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor with sawdust as the bulk matrix to simulate the condition of a bio-toilet for the sanitary disposal of human feces. Attention was paid to the characteristics of nitrogen transformation. Under the controlled conditions of temperature at 60°C, moisture content at 60%,anda continuous air supply, more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained, while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed over a two-week composting period. The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first 24 h with the rapid depletion of inorganic nitrogen but with an almost unchanged organic nitrogen content. The fecal NH₄-N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen ( > 90%) decreased rapidly in the first day, decreased at a slower rate over the following days, and finally disappeared entirely. The depletion of NH₄-N was accompanied by the accumulation of NH₃ gas in the ammonia absorber connected to the reactor. A mass balance between the exhausted NH₃ gas and the fecal NH₄-N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss. Thermophilic composting could be considered as a way to keep a high organic nitrogen content in the compost for better utilization as a fertilizer.     

快开门式压力容器安全管理现状及建议

快开门式压力容器是一种广泛应用于建材、纺织、橡胶、医药、食品、玻璃等行业的固定式压力容器,因其结构的特殊性,对安全联锁保护装置和作业人员操作及应急处置能力要求较高,一旦安全联锁装置失效或作业人员应急处置不当,极易发生安全事故。本文针对快开门式压力容器安全管理的法律法规要求、几种典型快开门式压力容器现状及存在问题,从设计、制造、检验、监管等环节提出快开门式压力容器安全管理措施及建议,以确保其安全运行。     

水样中挥发酚测定的边界条件探讨

在环境水质监测中,水中挥发酚的测定是最重要的有机监测项目。水样测定中首选测定方法是4-氨基安替比林光度法。在水样预处理和分析操作过程中,既要严格执行操作技术规程,更要充分考虑分析过程中的关键技术、边界条件等一些因素的影响,特别要考虑4-氨基安替比林的空白值、显色剂的稳定性、pH值的影响及缓冲液的使用等以保证实验的顺利进行和分析数据真实准确有效。     

蚯蚓对重金属污染土壤中铅的富集研究

蚯蚓在陆地生态系统中具有十分重要的功能,利用蚯蚓处理重金属污染土壤是一种新型的绿色生物技术。实验通过测定重金属污染土壤中不同铅浓度梯度下蚯蚓在培养期内对铅富集量的研究,结果表明：蚯蚓对铅有较强的富集作用,且随铅浓度的增加,蚯蚓体内的富集量也增加;单住质量蚯蚓培养期内吸收铅量与铅浓度梯度表现出极显著性差异,说明蚯蚓可以作为检测重金属污染土壤中铅的重要生物指标,论证了在重金属污染土壤动物修复中引入蚯蚓的可行性。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.