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841.
842.
Tao Bai Hengyi Lei Guangwei Yu Qiang Yu Zhong Li Hualiang Li 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(5):307-314
An autocontrol two-stage hybrid process was developed to treat landfill leachate. Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway was split into two stages. The first stage was designed for the high nitrite accumulation and was composed of two hybrid bed reactors (Hybrid I and Hybrid II) and a coagulation–flocculation reactor having effective volumes of 120 L and 80 L, respectively. The second stage was designed for strengthening denitrification and included a single 80 L reactor. The carriers of the hybrid bed reactors were composed of fixed multiple flexible carriers and suspended particle carriers. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and temperature were used as online fuzzy control parameters of the automatic control system. The concentration of nitrite in Hybrid I and Hybrid II could reach 411 mg L−1 and 604 mg L−1, respectively. Ammonia removal has reached maximal rates of 0.061 kgNH4+-N (m3 h)−1 and 0.041 kgNH4+-N (m3 h)−1, respectively. A maximum nitrite removal rate of 0.211 kgNO2−-N (m3 h)−1 was observed during the strengthening denitrification. The running time of one cycle was not fixed and was actually controlled by the system. The results indicated that the running period was more closely related to influent ammonia concentration than influent COD concentration. The aeration times could be shortened and the energy could be saved. The autocontrol two-stage hybrid process is therefore an economical and effective way for landfill leachate treatment. 相似文献
843.
The Impact of Sewage Discharge on the Macroalgae Community in the Yellow Sea Coastal Area Around Qingdao,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dongyan Liu Jie Bai Shuqun Song Jing Zhang Ping Sun Ying Li Gang Han 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(6):683-692
The dynamics of macroalgal communities and the impact of sewage on their growth were studied in the tidal zone around Zhanqiao
Pier of the Qingdao coastal area, in the northwest of the Yellow Sea, China, from September 2001 to September 2003. The tidal
zone of the study area is divided into western and eastern sections by the Zhanqiao Pier. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus
in seawater showed higher concentrations on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier than on the western side, because a sewer drains
into the eastern side. The macroalgal communities on each side of the Pier showed an obvious difference due to the effect
of this sewage discharge. A total of 47 macroalgal species including 10 greens, 11 browns and 26 reds was identified in this
study. The species composition and biomass indicated higher values in the nutrient-rich area on the eastern side of Zhanqiao
Pier compared with the nutrient-poor area on the western side of Zhanqiao Pier. Some ephemeral and filamentous species dominated
seasonally on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier, in contrast to the western side where slow-growing species dominated throughout
the year. Nutrient gradients and temperature were considered the main factors affecting the distribution of macroalgae communities
in time and space. The results are consistent with the common observation that nutrient-poor areas are dominated by slow-growing
rather than ephemeral algal species. Moreover, the species diversity in the whole study area had declined when compared to
previous records. 相似文献
844.
845.
对滇池周边3个底泥堆场次生演替恢复过程中主要植物的生态学特征和污染物富集情况进行了调查。结果表明:随着底泥堆场由表流湿地向潜流湿地过渡,植被的整体含水量逐渐减少,种群密度逐渐增加;3个底泥堆场优势种的生物量随着植被恢复时间的增长而逐步减少;植物优势种富集某种重金属的能力与生物量的相关性系数(Zn〈Cu〈Pb〈As〈Cr〈Cd〈Hg)随富集能力的提高而降低,其中Hg的富集与生物量有较高的相关性;水生植物富集污染物的能力高于陆生植物;水生植物富集污染物能力最强的是凤眼蓝,其次是长柱柳叶菜和水烛;陆生植物富集污染物能力最强的是稗、云南莎草和水蓼。 相似文献
846.
TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) as photocatalyst in the photo-degradation of multitudinous pollutants has been extensively studied. But its low photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to the high band gap energy which lead to low light utilization. Cu-TiO2/GO was synthesized via the impregnation methods to enhance the catalytic performance. The Cu-TiO2/GO reaction rate constant for photo-degradation of pollutants (tetracycline hydrochloride, TC) was about 1.4 times that of TiO2/GO. In 90 min, the removal ratio of Cu-TiO2/GO for TC was 98%, and the maximum degradation ratio occurred at pH 5. After five cycles, the removal ratio of Cu-TiO2/GO still exceeded 98%. UV–visible adsorption spectra of Cu-TiO2/GO showed that its band gap was narrower than TiO2/GO. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra test illustrated the generation rate of ?O2? and ?OH was higher in Cu-TiO2/GO system than TiO2/GO and TiO2 system. The contribution sequence of oxidative species was ?O2? > holes (h+) > ?OH in both TiO2/GO and Cu-TiO2/GO system. Interestingly, the contribution of ?OH in Cu-TiO2/GO was less than that in TiO2/GO during the photo-degradation process. This phenomenon was attributed to the better adsorption performance of Cu-TiO2/GO which could reduce the accessibility of TC to ?OH in liquid. The enhanced non?hydroxyl radical contribution could be attributed to that the more other active species or sites on (nearby) the surface of Cu-TiO2/GO generated after doping Cu. These results provide a new perspective for the tradition metal-doped conventional catalysts to enhance the removal of organic pollutants in the environment. 相似文献
847.
主体功能区建设与财政生态补偿研究——以安徽省为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
党的十六届五中全会明确提出了“优化开发、重点开发、限制开发、禁止开发”四类主体功能区。主体功能区划是中国国土空间区划与规划理论中的一个重大突破,实行主体功能区生态补偿政策,对于实现不同类型主体功能区的健康协调发展,具有重要的意义。从传统的生态补偿理论来探讨主体功能区建设的生态补偿模式,要充分发挥市场补偿机制的功能,同步落实主体功能区财政、产业、土地、人口管理、绩效评价和政绩考核政策,从法律上明确生态补偿责任和各生态主体的义务,为生态补偿机制的规范化运作提供法律依据。 相似文献
848.
塞氏盘法对水质透明度的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文阐述了塞氏盘法测定水质透明度的历史.叙述了塞氏盘法对水质透明度的测定,详细总结了包括水体物理指标、光线条件、水生生物、水气界面和水面至观测者之间的距离和角度等各类因素对水质透明度测定的影响.并在透明度盘(塞氏盘)的制作、试验步骤、测定结果的记录、数据处理等方面做了进一步的修改和完善。 相似文献
849.
有机物对重金属在粘土中吸附行为的影响 总被引:39,自引:4,他引:39
实验选用填埋场垃圾降解过程中“产酸阶段”和“产甲烷阶段”产生的己酸和腐殖酸及重金属 Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn和 Mn为研究对象 ,研究有机物存在对粘土吸附重金属的影响 .结果表明 :粘土对纯重金属的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而增强 ;对己酸的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而增强 ,对腐殖酸的吸附随着溶液 p H值升高而减弱 .当溶液中己酸和重金属共存时 ,由于竞争吸附使得粘土对重金属的吸附能力普遍有较小幅度的下降 ;当溶液中存在腐殖酸和重金属共存时 ,粘土对重金属的吸附能力增强 ,主要是由于酸性条件下富里酸发生解离后与重金属络合 ,其络合物与粘土颗粒有一定的结合能力 ,增强了粘土对重金属的吸附能力 . 相似文献
850.
Zhimou Wei Ya Xiong Jian Chen Jing Bai Jing Wu Jiane Zuo Kaijun Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):183-191
The feasibility of copper recovery by induced crystallization in a long period(174 days) was investigated in a seeded fluidized bed reactor(FBR). The process was divided into 3 periods according to different influent conditions, and the period III was separated into III-a and IIIb due to the adjustment of the molar ratio of CO_3~(2-)concentration to copper concentration([CT]/[Cu~(2+)]). The removal efficiency could exceed 95% and the average effluent copper concentration decreased to 3.0 mg/L. The mean particle size of seed grains with copper crystals coating on, raised to 0.36 mm from initial 0.18 mm. During period III-a, the supersaturation exceeded 2.88 × 104, the removal efficiency decreased to 60%–80% and the particle size dropped to 0.30 mm, due to the generation of fines by homogeneous crystallization and seeds breaking. And the morphology of the crystals on the seed grains changed from rod-like to spherical which lead to the particle size decreasing. In period III-b,the supersaturation was modified by adjusting the molar ratio of [CT]/[Cu2+] to 1.2 from 2.The efficiency was back to 95% and the mean particle size grew to 0.36 mm at the end of IIIb, the crystals coating on the seeds turned back to rod-like products of good stability. This study illustrated that the copper salt crystal could keep on growing on the seed grains for over 150 days, the feasibility and controllability of copper recovery by induced crystallization process in FBR were satisfactory, even under the dramatic changes in influent conditions. 相似文献